Lesson 1: cell (pt. 3)

prokaryotes

are the most abundant organisms on earth.

eubacteria, archaebacteria

what are the types of prokaryotes?

prokaryotic cell

does not contain a membrane-bound nucleus.

prokaryotic cell

is surrounded by a plasma membrane.

cell

has no subcellular organelles, only infoldings of the plasma membrane called mesosomes.

deoxyribonucleic acid

what does DNA stands for?

dna

is condensed within the cytosol to form the nucleoid.

diffusion

is the movement of a substance from an area of its higher concentration to an area of its lower concentration.

simple diffusion

is the type of diffusion of dissolved solutes through the plasma membrane

facilitated diffusion

is the type of diffusion that requires a protein carrier.

osmosis

is the diffusion of water point across a selectively permeable membrane.

active transport process

This type of cell membrane transport uses energy (ATP) provided by the cell.

exocytisis

refers to bulk movement of substance out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane.

endocytosis

refers to bulk movement of substance into the cells by vesicles forming at the plasma membrane

interphase

It is the longer phase of the cell cycle where the cell is active and preparing for cell division.

interphase

The DNA molecule is duplicated exactly in a process called DNA replication which occurs toward the end of the process.

mitosis

consists of four stages-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

mitosis

The result is two daughter nuclei, each identical to the mother nucleus.

prophase

each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the centromere.

metaphase

chromosomes align at the center of the cell

anaphase

chromatids separate at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

telophase

two new nuclei assume their normal structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.