AP phyc module 1

phych’s tools of science are

desribe, explain, and predict, influence, behavior and mental processes

“rat is always right” meaning

facts speak for themselves, accept results even if they don’t support ur hypothesis

scientific attitude

curosity, skepticism, humility

critical thinking

examine assumptions, appraise the source, discerning hidden biases, evaluating evidence, assessing conclusions

philopshers wondered Abt

how our mind works, how body relates to mind, how much of what we know is innate/experiences

socraties/plato

mind and body are seperate, mind continues after death,knowledge is born within

aristotle

needs data, knowlegde comes from observation, not born within

rene Descartes

agreed with Socrates and Plato, diccected animals and fluid in brain flows though nerves “animal spirits”

Fransicis bacon

empiricism, knowlegde is the result of experiment and developed through observation and experimentation

john locke

tabula rasa- the mind at birth is a blank slate, empiricism

bacon and locke

who formed modern empiricism

wilhelm wundt

(structuralism)- first phyc lab, “atoms of the mind”, telegraph key vs ball, father of psyc

edward titchener

student of wundt, actuallt introduced structuralism, identified elements of thought and mind, introspection (looking inward to observe psycological processes)

charles Darwin

influenced william James, natural selection of phycial/mental traits, adaptive eveloution

william James

introduced functionalism, aummes a purpose for thing, smelling/ thinking helped us evolv, consciousness serves a function

mary Calkins

student of William James, denied PhD bc girl, memory researcher, 1st female president of APA

Margaret Washburn

student of edward titchener, 1st female to earn PhD in psyc, wrote “the animal mind”

b.f skinner and John. b watson

behaviorism, dissmissed introspection, phycology being objective, observable behavior

sigmund frued

developed psychoanalysis, forces and childhood experiences affects our behavior and mental

abraham maslow and Carl rodgers

humanistic, strive to reach full potential, unconditional love and personal growth

cognative psycology

the study of mental processes like thinking perceiving learning remembering commicating and solving problems

cognitive neuroscience

science of mind with schience of brain, thinking perception memory and language

psycology

study of behavior, mental processes, uses empiricism and scientific method, examines behavior, examimes mental processes

nature vs nurture

contemporary phychology recognizes the importance of both nature and nurture and how they interact

evolutionary physcology

the study of how behaviors and mental processes present in the species today exist because they were naturally selected

behavior genetics

the study of the relative influence and limits of genetic (nature) and enviormental (nurture) influences on behaviors and mental proceesses

gender and culture psyc

shared ideas behaviors and values impact perception of time and personal space

phycodynamic

thumb- how unconscious drivers and condies impact behavior and mental processes

cognitive

index- how intrpretations of situations and mental process impact behavior and mental

behaviorist

middle- how learned and observable behaviors impact behavior and mental processes

humanist

ring finger- how the drive for personal growth and self actualization impacts behavior and mental processes

biology

pinky- pinky and the brain, how biological like genetics and phycological processes impact behavior and mental processes

evolutionary

extra finger- how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

socialcultural

palm- how behavioral and thinking vary across situations and cultures

basic research

increase psyc’s knowledge base, pure science,

applied research

uses phyc to solve real world problems and science

counceling

short term adjustments like work, school, or family

clinical

mental issues that may be a disorder, has a PhD

phychiatrist

prescribes drugs to treat disorders or provide physchotherapy, has MD

Dorthea Dix

advocated for the humane treatment of mentally ill

cognitive psychologists

study human thinking, may work as a professor or corporate consultant

developmental psychologists

study how are behavior changes as we age, works in school or day cares or a senior center

educational psychologists

how we learn in different environments and ways, may work in schools or colleges making tests or teacher training

experimental

experiments to understand out behaviors and mental, may be professor of zoo or gov agency

psychometrics

uses math and stats to create and score tests like personality or intelligence

social

how we interact with other and how it impacts us as individuals

forensic

brings law and phyc together, might develop public policy for the mentally ill, consult on jury selection, and help law enforcement in criminal cases

enviornmental

study how we are influenced and affected by our natural or built surroundings

health

preventing disease, designs progrmas ot stop smoking, prevents psychosocial problems related to disease

industrial organizations (I/O)

the relationship between people and our work enviornments, deals with worker productivity and personal selection

neurophycholgist

study how our brain impacts our behavior and thoughts, treat alzheimer’s, storke, injuries

rehabilitation

help individualss who have lost functioning after an accident or illness

sport

athletes to help improve performance

school

kids dealing with problems that hurts learning

human factors physiologist

a field of psychology allied with I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

community psychologist

studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.