Chapter 27 Nutrition

Vitamins

________ and minerals are considered micronutrients and can be obtained through supplements or plants (variety)

Na+ K+ Maintain

________ resting membrane potential in excitable cells, Required to generate action potential.

Insulin

________ is a major regulatory hormone, released from pancreas to increase blood glucose, stimulates liver & muscles cells.

Essential nutrients

________ must be obtained and absorbed via digestive system from diet.

Nutrition

________ is the study of how living organisms obtain and utilize nutrients needed to grow and sustain life.

Body weight

________ is maintained when calories consumed and calories expended are in balance.

fatty acids

Polyunsaturated ________ have two or more double bonds, liquid at room temp.

Nonessential nutrients

________ are Provided by biochemical body processes, NOT REQUIRED IN DIET,

Fibers

________ are molecules of both plants and animals & Can not be chemically digested and absorbed by GI tract.

cellular respiration

All macronutrients provide fuel for ________ to form ATP (i.e., they provide energy)

Fe3+

________ in hemoglobin binds to O2, In mitochondria electron transport system binds electrons.

DNA

Synthesize nitrogen- containing molecule (________, RNA, porphyrin)

Water

________ is also considered a nutrient.

Organic molecules

________: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Glucagon

________ is a major regulatory hormone released during postabsorptive state and released in response to decreasing blood glucose levels.

starches

Refined ________ are thickness and stabilizers.

Sugars

________ and starch are usually converted to glucose as primary energy, not an essential nutrient.

RDA

________ is the recommended daily allowance.

Nutrients

________ are biomolecules, vitamins, and minerals.

amino acids

Stimulates cell results in an increase of ________ uptake resulting in increase of protein synthesis.

Vegans

________ do not eat any animal products.

Polysaccharides

________: tubers, grains, beans, peas.

Minerals

________ are inorganic ions obtained from diet (required in daily amounts)

Macronutrients

________ must be consumed in relatively large quantities and are needed in daily amounts.

peas

Lentils, ________, beans, whole grains, oatmeal, berries, nuts are good sources of fiber.

Nutrient levels

________ are regulated during and following meals.

adequate quantities

Proteins are the most MOST DIVERSE MOLECULES, Needed in ________ to replace worn out protein structures.

Lacto ovo vegetarians

________ do not eat animal flesh but eat milk, eggs, cheese.

Micronutrients

________ must be consumed in small quantities.

Absorptive state

________ is time during eating, digesting, absorbing nutrients, (4hr after meal)