Upper Extremity Skeleton + Musculature

More stability indicates less _

mobility

More mobility indicates less _

stability

Appendicular muscles move both the upper + lower limbs, and strengthen the joint area

True; they do move both upper + lower limbs

Appendicular muscles only stabilize the pectoral girdle, not the pelvic girdle

False; Appendicular muscles stabilize both the pectoral + pelvic girdles

Appendicular muscles assist with absorbing shocks + jolts as you walk, run, or jump

True; this is a function of Appendicular muscles

Muscles that position the pectoral girdle

originate on the axial skeleton

—> insert on clavicle and scapula

Muscles that move the arm

originate on pectoral girdle + thoracic cage

—> insert on humerus

Extrinsic muscles of hand + digits (fingers)

originate primarily on humerus, radius, ulna

—> insert on metacarpals + phalanges

Intrinsic muscles of hand

originate primary on carpals + metacarpals

—> insert on phalanges

What actions are associated with the positioning of the pectoral girdle?

Elevation; depression; protraction; retraction;

superior/upward rotation; inferior/downward rotation

What actions are associated with moving the arm at the shoulder?

Flexion; extension; abduction; adduction;

internal/medial rotation; external/lateral rotation

What actions are associated with moving the forearm at the elbow?

Flexion; extension

What actions are associated with moving the hand at the wrist?

Flexion; extension; abduction (radial deviation); adduction (ulnar deviation)

What actions are associated with the movements of the individual fingers?

Flexion; extension; abduction; adduction; opposition (thumb & pinky)

Supination

rotating out/up

Pronation

rotating in/down

Supination and Pronation both occur at the _ joint (of which there are 2)

radioulnar

The proximal radioulnar joint is near the _

elbow

The distal radioulnar joint is near the _

wrist

Spurt

Muscle that inserts close to the joint

Shunt

Muscle that inserts far away from the joint

Agonist muscles

Prime movers; perform an action

(i.e. biceps brachii flexes the elbow)

Antagonist muscles

perform an opposing action

(i.e. triceps brachii extends the elbow)

When an agonist is active, the antagonist __

relaxes

Synergistic muscles

assist the agonist/prime mover

Stabilizer muscles(i.e. brachioradialis assists with elbow flex)

Stabilizer muscles

stabilize a joint or area for optimum movement of the agonist muscles

(i.e. rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder)