Honors American History Final

The Great Compromise

Combines the NJ plan (small state representation) and the Virginia plan (large state representation) Senate and the House of Reps. Senate would have equal representation while the House was based on state population

Electoral College

Method of selecting the president by Electors. Indirect vote for president. Kept bigger states from deciding the president. Established by the Constitution, the Electoral College consists of electors from each state who formally elect the president and vice president of the United States, balancing influence between populous and less populous states.

Three-Fifths Compromise

for both taxation and representation, counts would include 60% of enslaved people

The Naturalization Act

increased the period before immigrants had to wait before becoming citizens

The Aliens Friends Act

the president had the power to deport any alien he thinks dangerous to the safety of the US

The Alien Enemies Act

power in the case of war/invasion to remove all resident aliens of the enemy

the Sedition Act

punished those who published/uttered false or scandalous statements about the government. Made because people were mad abt the Alien Acts

election of 1800

Jefferson vs. Adams, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson and it was the first peaceful and willing transfer of power between political parties. Adams(federalist)—>Jefferson (Democratic Republican). Brought the demise of the federalist party.

Marbury V Madison

Marbury needed a commission to become a judge. Madison did not deliver it, Marbury thought a law could be used to force him to. The Court said this law was unconstitutional and created Judicial Review

Treaty of Ghent

ended the war between the US and Britain.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Created a peaceful border in the west between the US and Canada. Only two warships on any of the Great Lakes

Convention of 1818

established the 49th parallel as the border between the US and Canada. Joint control over Oregon Country

Adams-Ohio Treaty

Spain ceded Florida to the US

McCulloch V Maryland

Necessary and Proper Clause—> Bank of the US is constitutional

Supremacy Clause—> Maryland cannot tax the bank

strengthened the federal government and limited states economic power.

Panic of

1837

Election of 1824

Extremely split, four candidates. House of Reps would decide. Corrupt Bargain- Clay endorsed John Quincy Adams and was given a job when Adams became president (fishy?) Jackson angry.

Election of 1828

New group of voters, not just landowners. Candidates had to appeal to normal people. Both candidates used their background to appeal, Jackson won as he appealed to more demographics.

Treaty of Velasco

Texas recognized as independent republic, Sam Houston as president.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican-American War. Recognized Texas as belonging to the US, Rio Grande was the border, not Nueces.

Gadsten Purchase

Mexico sold parts of New Mexico and Arizona for 10 million.

Election of 1860

Northerners would not accept leadership by Southerners while Southerners would not accept leadership by Northerners. Lincoln’s name wasn’t even on the ballot in Southern states yet he won, Southern states angry and wronged. Felt like they were being oppressed by the North. South Carolina seceded in response to this.

Missouri Compromise

Missouri would be a slave state while Maine would be free, keeping the balance in Congress. Also drew a line across the Nation, splitting up the North and South. Slavery would be allowed south of the line but banned North of it.

Compromise of 1850

CA was ready to become a free state, but would upset the balance. Proposed five new laws that would benefit the North and South. Fugitive Slave Act, Free California, Utah and New Mexico decide by popular sovereighty, banning of slave of slaves in the capitol, and Texas gives up claims to New Mexico

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Both states were above the line, but the act proposed both should have popular sovereighty. Northerners pissed while Southerners were happy

Antietam

Union soldiers found Lee’s battle plans wrapped in cigars, betrayed that Confederate troops were separated. very bloody, battle, bloodiest single battle in American History. McClellan fired due to not pursuing farther and ending war.

Gettysburg

Lee wanted to win a battle north of the Mason-Dixon line to force a negotiated end. Pickett’s charge. Confederates surrender and never recover.

Vicksburg

Grant had the troops rush the city, Confederates surrender July 4, day after Gettysburg. Union cut the Confederacy in half with the Mississippi.

Fort Sumter

Occupied by Union troops, but surrounded by Confederates. Lincoln had to resupply. Send troops and start the war or abandon the troops and start the war? Sent food instead, Davis chose to fight. Beginning of the Civil War

13th amendment

abolished slavery in the USA, except when in jail for a crime

14th amendment

birthright citizenship+ privileges/rights that citizens have

15th amendment

prohibits federal/state government from denying the right to vote based on color, race, or previous condition of servitude

Election of 1876

Compromise of 1876, Tilden vs Hayes. Disputed voted, commission created to decide president. Southern Democrats controlled the House of Reps who had final say, would not let Haye’s be president unless they ended reconstruction, military would withdraw from Southern states.

16th Amendment

tax incomes to generate higher revenue

17th Amendment

direct election of senators by the American People

18th Amendment

Prohibition: ban on sale, production, and use of alcohol

19th Amendment

women gained the right to vote