Pharm Final

Flashcards of vocabulary terms and definitions from lecture notes.

Sedatives

CNS depression → sedation; S/E: drowsiness

Buspirone

Non-sedative anti-anxiety medication; non-addictive; avoid grapefruit juice

Benzodiazepines

Diazepam (Valium), Midazolam (Versed); Toxicity → CNS depression; Flumazenil = antidote

Baclofen (Lioresal)

Muscle relaxant

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

Muscle relaxant

Methadone (Dolophine)

Opioid treatment and opioid dependence treatment

EPS

Extrapyramidal Symptoms associated with Typical (First Gen) Antipsychotics consisting of Parkinsonian, Akathisia, Dystonia, Akinesia

Parkinsonian symptoms

Tremors, rigidity, shuffling gait

Akathisia

Restlessness

Dystonia

Muscle spasms

Akinesia

Loss of movement

NMS

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome associated with Typical (First Gen) Antipsychotics that presents with a fever

Agranulocytosis

Adverse effect of Clozaril. Monitor WBCs (fever, sore throat, cough, blood glucose)

Lithium

Mood stabilizer; Therapeutic range: 0.6-1.2; Side effects: dehydration, GI toxicity; Monitor sodium and fluids

SSRIs

First-line antidepressants; Risk of serotonin syndrome and increased suicide risk

MAOIs

Antidepressants. Avoid tyramine foods (cheese, wine, beer, pickles, etc.)

TCAs (Tricyclics)

Antidepressants. Example: Amitriptyline (Elavil); Side effects: orthostatic hypotension → fall risk; ADR: cardiac dysrhythmias; Patient education: change positions slowly

ACE Inhibitors (-pril)

Blocks angiotensin I → II; S/E: angioedema, cough, ↑ potassium; Avoid potassium foods, salt substitutes, K-sparing diuretics, bananas; Monitor BP

ARBs

Blocks angiotensin II receptors

Beta Blockers

↓ BP & HR; ↓ mortality post-MI; Masks hypoglycemia; Caution in pulmonary disease; Have candy available for diabetics

Calcium Channel Blockers (Diltiazem)

↓ BP, vasodilation; Tx: Prinzmetal’s angina; S/E: constipation

Statins (Atorvastatin/Lipitor)

↓ cholesterol; S/E: myopathy, liver problems; Avoid in liver disease

Nitrates (Nitroglycerin)

Vasodilator → ↓ afterload & preload; ↓ BP → ↑ cardiac output

Digoxin

Toxicity: halo vision, blurred vision, N/V/D; Antidote: Digibind

Potassium Sparing Diuretic

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Loop Diuretic

Furosemide (Lasix); monitor potassium levels

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Anticoagulant; monitor PT/INR

Heparin

Anticoagulant; Protamine sulfate antidote; monitor PTT

Adenosine

Drug used to treat SVT, may cause pause up to 6 seconds.

Amiodarone, Lidocaine

Drugs to treat V-Tach/V-Fib

Atropine

Drug to treat Bradycardia

Insulin Lispro

Rapid acting insulin: Onset <15 min, Peak 30-90 min, Duration 3-5 hrs

Regular Insulin

Short acting insulin: Onset 30-60 min, Peak 2-4 hrs, Duration 5-8 hrs

NPH Insulin

Intermediate acting insulin: Onset 1-2 hrs, Peak 4-12 hrs, Duration 18-24 hrs

Insulin Glargine

Long acting insulin: Onset 1-2 hrs, No peak, Duration 24 hrs

GLP-1 Agonists (Ozempic)

Weight loss medication; S/E: diarrhea with fatty foods

Metformin (Glucophage)

Treats diabetes, ADR: lactic acidosis

Sulfonylureas (Glyburide/DiaBeta)

Treats diabetes; S/E: hypoglycemia → treat with 15g carbs or D50/glucagon

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Take early AM, empty stomach, same time daily; Pregnancy safe

Chvostek & Trousseau Signs

Symptoms of Hypocalcemia → treat with calcium gluconate or supplements

Peaked T waves

Symptom of Hyperkalemia

Bisphosphonates (Fosamax)

Sit upright 30 min, fasting; No food/meds for 2 hrs

Lactulose

Reduces ammonia → diarrhea; Prevents hepatic encephalopathy

Antacids (Rolaids, Tums)

Neutralize acid; Wait 2 hrs before other meds

H2 Blockers (Zantac, Cimetidine)

Block histamine, ↓ acid

PPI (Omeprazole)

Stops acid production

Carafate (Sucralfate)

Coats/protects stomach lining

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Antiemetic

Naloxone

Antidote for opioid OD

Flumazenil

Antidote for benzo OD

Atropine

Antidote for bradycardia & cholinergic crisis

Dantrolene

Antidote for malignant hyperthermia

Pralidoxime (Protopam)

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning

Adrenergic (SNS = anticholinergic)

Fight or Flight; Increased BP and HR; Pupils dilate; Decreased saliva (dry mouth); Decreased urination; Decreased GI peristalsis (constipation)

Cholinergic (PSNS = antiadrenergic)

Rest and Digest; muscarinic effects; Decreased BP, HR, RR; Pupils constrict; Increased saliva; Increased urination; Increased GI peristalsis

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Muscarinic agonist; Stimulates muscarinic receptors (PSNS); Used for urinary retention

Neostigmine (Bloxiverz)

Cholinesterase Inhibitor; Treats Myasthenia Gravis (muscle weakness)

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

Cholinesterase Inhibitor; Used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis (Tensilon Test)

Atropine

Anticholinergic; Opposes PSNS; Raises HR; Give in bradycardia

Tolterodine (Detrol) and Darifenacin (Enablex)

Urinary antispasmodics (anticholinergic); Used for OAB (overactive bladder)

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

Adrenergic drug; Beta receptor ONLY; Used for AV block, cardiac arrest, hypotension (emergent)

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist; Blocks SNS → opens urinary tract

Levodopa (L-dopa)

Parkinson's medication that becomes dopamine after crossing BBB

Levodopa + Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Carbidopa decreases breakdown of L-dopa in liver → increases dopamine; SE: N/V, dyskinesias, orthostatic hypotension

Pramipexole (Mirapex)

Dopamine Agonist: Used when L-dopa stops working; Increases dopamine

Pimavanserin (Nuplazid)

Used for Parkinson's Psychosis; Antipsychotics contraindicated → causes Parkinsonian syndrome

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Treatment for Guillain-Barré Syndrome; proteins with good antibodies to help fight infections/inflammation

Gilenya (Fingolimod)

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator; First oral MS med for relapsing-remitting MS; Contraindicated in cardiac issues (MI, stroke, arrhythmias, CHF)

Riluzole (Rilutek)

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) medication; glutamate antagonist; Gives approx. 3 months more before needing ventilation; Monitor respiratory rate

Donepezil (Aricept) and Rivastigmine (Exelon)

Alzheimer’s Disease Cognitive Medications; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Stop ACh breakdown → ↑ availability → cholinergic effects; Common side effects: N/V/D, anorexia

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Antiepileptic drug; Barbiturate; Adverse effects: Sedation, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Diazepam (Valium) and Lorazepam

Antiepileptic drug; Benzodiazepines; Stops active seizures

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Antiepileptic drug; Hydantoins; MAINTENANCE medication; Prevents seizures; Take with food; Good oral hygiene; Teratogenic; Narrow therapeutic range

Nimodipine (Nimotop)

Treatment for Hemorrhagic Stroke - Post-op; prevents artery spasms

Methotrexate + Leucovorin

Chemotherapy drugs; ADR: Bone marrow suppression, GI upset/stomatitis, Alopecia, Infertility

Tamoxifen

Chemotherapy drug; SERMs; Risk for DVT

Adriamycin (Doxorubicin)

Chemotherapy drug; Lifetime limit; ADR: cardiac toxicity

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Antibiotic

Vancomycin

Antibiotic

Tetracycline (Sumycin)

Antibiotic

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Pain medication

Aspirin

NSAID pain medication

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

Anticholinesterase medication

Methotrexate, Leucovorin, Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Immunosuppressant medications

Pseudoephedrine (Ephedrine)

Decongestant