Unit 4.2: Scientific Revolution

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17 Terms

1

Scientific Revolution

A period during the 16th and 17th centuries when new ideas in science emerged due to Renaissance humanism and observation based sciences.

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2

Empirical Evidence

Information acquired by observation or experimentation that is used to develop scientific theories.

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3

Geocentric Universe

The model of the universe that places the Earth at its center, as proposed by Ptolemy.

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4

Heliocentric Theory

The astronomical model which posits that the Sun is at the center of the universe, first proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus.

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5

Johannes Kepler

A German astronomer who supported Copernicus’s heliocentric model and discovered that planetary orbits are elliptical.

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6

Galileo Galilei

An Italian astronomer who made significant discoveries using a telescope, supporting the heliocentric theory.

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7

Empiricism

The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience and experimentation, associated with Francis Bacon.

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8

Universal Law of Gravitation

Isaac Newton's law stating that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force directed along the line joining them.

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9

Anatomy

The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms.

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10

Humoral Theory

The ancient belief that bodily fluids (humors) influence health and disease, notably proposed by Galen.

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11

Inductive Reasoning

A logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.

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12

Deductive Reasoning

A logical process where a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying it to a specific case.

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13

Alchemy

An early form of chemistry that aimed to transform base metals into gold and discover a universal elixir.

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14

Natural History

The study of organisms, including systems of classification and the relationships between various species.

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15

Cosmology

The branch of astronomy that deals with the origins and evolution of the universe.

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16

On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres

Copernicus's work that proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

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17

On the Movement of the Heart and Blood

William Harvey's publication which described the circulatory system and how blood is pumped from the heart.

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