AP Biology Parts & Functions of the Cell

Nucleolus function

Site of RNA production/synthesis

Golgi Apparatus function

Modifies and labels lipids/proteins for transport. Packages are put in secretory vesicles to be sent to cell membrane or else. (Amazon)

Lysosome function

Contains digestive enzymes that breaks down materials

Mitochondrion function

Site of cellular respiration, makes ATP

Chloroplast function

Site of photosynthesis

Nucleus function

Contains chromosomes/DNA, produces RNA

Ribosome function

Creates proteins

Rough ER function

Manufacture site of secretory proteins to be exported

Smooth ER function

Detoxification, lipid/steroid/carb production, stores calcium ions

Vacuole function

Stores and transports materials to fuse with Golgi apparatus or plasma membrane

Cilia/Flagella function

Function to move a cell or to help transport fluid or materials past them

Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer, proteins/cholesterol. Determines what enters/leaves the cell

Peroxisome

Breaks down toxins, has enzymes that digest hydrogen peroxide

Nucleolus structure

Dense, spherical nuclear mass, lots of RNA and proteins

Golgi Apparatus structure

Stack of flattened sacks, cis/trans faces

Lysosome structure

Sac with internal acidic pH, has hydrolytic enzymes

Mitochondrion structure

Double membrane container with DNA/ribosomes, cristae (infolded membranes)

Chloroplast structure

Double membrane capsule with flattened sacks (grana) which contain chlorophyll

Nucleus structure

Large membranous container with pores, nucleolus, DNA, and protein, double-layer membrane

Ribosome structure

Large/small RNA/protein subunits that are the sites of protein synthesis

Rough ER structure

Membrane network with attached ribosomes

Smooth ER structure

Membrane network with no ribosomes

Vacuole structure

Large membrane bound sac

Cilia/Flagella structure

Motile cellular appendages with 9+2 structure of microtubules

Cytoplasm

Semiliquid interior of cells that contains organelles, includes fluid/cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Chromosome

Condensed DNA+protein when the cell is dividing