Gross II Exam 3

Lumbars, 12th rib, upper hip bone, psoas major/minor muscle, iliacus muscle, quadratus lumborum muscle, posterior transversus abdominis muscle, and part of the diaphragm all make up what?

Posterior abdominal wall

The popliteal artery is a continuation of which artery?

Femoral artery

What muscle originates at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrates, and inserts an inferolateral run into the less trochanter of the femur?

Psoas major

What muscle is supplied by L1-L3 ventral rami, and flexes the thigh at the hip joint?

Psoas major

What muscle originates at the iliac fossa and inserts into the lateral side of the psoas major muscle?

Iliacus

What muscle is supplied by the femoral nerve, and flexes the thigh at the hip joint?

Iliacus

What muscle originates at the sides of T12-L1 and it gives rise to a long tendon which inserts into iliopubic einence?

Psoas minor

What muscle is supplied by the L1-L2 ventral rami, is a weak flexor of the trunk, and is only present about 50% of the time?

Psoas minor

What muscle originates that the iliolumbar ligament and posterior part of the iliac crest then runs superomedial to the 12th rib and upper 4 lumbar TVPs?

Quadratus lumborum

What muscle is supplied by ventral rami of T12-L3 and depresses the 12th rib/lateral flexion of the trunk?

Quadratus lumborum

What is a muscular and tendinous dome shaped septum that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Diaphragm

What are the three divisions of the diaphragm?

Sternal, costal, and lumbar

What part of the diaphragm is the smallest part and all the fibers are from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process?

Sternal part

What part of the diaphragm do the fibers originate from the internal surface of the lower 6 ribs?

Costal part

What part of the diaphragm is lateral to crura and the muscle fibers originate from the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments?

Lumbar part

Which kidney is higher in the body?

left

What part of the kidney is laying against the inferior pole?

Quadratus lumborum

What part of the kidney is laying against it medially?

Psoas major

At what height is the left kidney found?

T11-L2

What part of the kidney is laying against the diaphragm?

Superior pole

At what height is the right kideny found?

T12-L3

What kidney has a relationship with spleen, stomach, adrenal, pancreas, and the jejunum/colon?

Left kidney

What kidney has a relationship with the liver, adrenal, duodenum, and colon?

Right kidney

What do the kidney renal veins empty into?

Inferior vena cava

What nerve will send parasympathetic responses?

Vagus

What nerve will send sympathetic responnses?

Splanchinics

What type of responses only go to the kidneys?

Sympathetic

Most kidney control is __________

Hormonal

What go through peristalsis and enters the bladder/pelvis?

Ureters

What suprarenal gland is pyramidal shaped, grooved, and under the liver?

Right suprarenal gland

What suprarenal gland is semilunar shaped, is part of the stomach, and is crossed by the pancreas?

Left suprarenal gland

Where does the superior suprarenal artery come from?

Inferior phrenics

Where does the middle suprarenal artery come from?

Aorta

Where does the inferior suprarenal artery come from?

Renal arteries

Where does the right suprarenal gland drain into?

inferior vena cava

Where does the left suprarenal gland drain into?

Renal vein

When there is an increase in the sympathetic responses what will happen to the medulla secretions?

Increase

The cortex is mainly under ___________ control?

Hormonal

What is responsible for draining blood from the abdominal viscera through the liver?

Portal vein

What two veins are responsible for combining to create the portal vein?

Splenic vein and Superior mesenteric vein

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein empty into?

Splenic vein

What collect blood from the lesser curvature of the stomach that drains into the portal vein?

L and R gastric

Flow to and thru liver is based on what?

Hydrodynamics

What passes posterior to the diaphragm thru the aortic hiatus at the T12 level?

Abdominal aorta

Where do subcostal arteries arise from?

Thoracic aorta

What is found in the midline from L1-L4 and then enters the abdomen posterior to the median arcuate ligament?

Abdominal aorta

What divides at L4 into the R and L common iliacs?

Abdominal aorta

What three branches are unpaired and make up the celiac trunk?

L. Gastric, Common Hepatic, and Splenic

What are the three unpaired visceral arteries?

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

The middle suprarenals, renal, and gonadals arteries are all what type of arteries?

Paired visceral arteries

The inferior phrenics arteries, and the 1st 4 parts of the lumbar are what type of arteries?

Paired parietal artery

What artery is an unpaired parietal artery and supplies the coccyx?

Median sacral artery

What is the largest vein in the body, right of the midline, and is at the T-8 level?

Inferior vena cava

What is formed at L5, leves the abdomen at T8, and is attached to posterior aspect of the liver?

Inferior vena cava

What two clinical issue can arise with issues or complications that can arise from the abdominal aorta?

Atherosclerosis and Intermittent claudication

What is formed around L5, is a combination of the right and left common iliac veins, and leaves the abdomen at T8?

IVC

What two structures drain the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava?

Right and Left Hepatic veins

2 renal veins, 4 lumbar veins, 2 hepatic veins, and 2 inferior phrenic veins are all tributaries to what strucutre?

Inferior vena cava

Which gonadal vein is a tributary to the inferior vena cava?

Right

Which inferior suprarenal vein is a tributary to the inferior vena cava?

Right

What vein emerges from the posterior aspect of the IVC?

Azygos vein

What vein can be used as a backup drainages fi the IVC is blocked off?

Azygos vein

The superior and inferior epigastric veins, lateral thoracic veins, and epidural venous plexus all step in if what structure is blocked?

Inferior vena cava

What structure of the diaphragm enlarges at inspiration, is at T8, and is mostly superoanterior?

Vena cava foramen

What part of the diaphragm is compressed upon inspiration and is at T10?

Esophageal hiatus

What part of the diaphragm is behind the it at T12 and remains unchanged during inspiration?

Aortic hiatus

What does the internal thoracic artery turn into when it passes through the sternocostal hiatuses of the diaphragm?

Superior epigastric artery

What nerve is 2/3 motor, 1/3 sensory and innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve

The superior phrenic, inferior phrenic, musculophrenic, and pericardiophrenic are all arteries that innervated what structure?

Diaphragm

What diaphragm ligament arches over the aortic hiatus and is around the midline uniting the right and left cruras?

Median arcuate ligament

What two diaphragm ligament arches over the psoas major muscle and extends from L1 body to the TVP of L1?

Right and Left medial arcuate ligaments

What two diaphragm ligaments arch over the quadratus lumborum muscle and extend from the L1 TVP to the 12th rib?

Right and Left lateral arcuate ligaments

What layer of the posterior abdominal wall is a thin layer, lies deep to all muscles, and separates the abdominal cavity form posterior wall structures?

Parietal peritoneum

What layer of the posterior abdominal wall is thin, superficial to the parietal peritoneum, and is part of the endoabdominal fascia?

Transversalis fascia

What layer of the posterior abdominal wall is the deepest and is just anterior to the erector spinae?

Thoracolumbar Fascia

The common iliac artery beings at the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta and terminates where?

What forms within the psoas major, has roots L1-half of L4, and innervates the posterior abdominal wall?

Lumbar plexus

What nerve has roots L2-4, is deep/medial to the psoas major, goes through the obturator foramen, and innervates the adductor muslce?

Obturator nerve

What nerve has roots L2-4, is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus, is lateral to the psoas major, and innervates the quadriceps muscle?

Femoral nerve

What nerve has root L1, pierces the psoas major, crosses the quadratus lumborum, and innervates the skin over suprapubic area?

Iliohypogastric nerve

What nerve has the root L1, pierces the psoas major, is just below the iliohypogastric nerve, travels through the inguinal canal, and innervates the skin of the genitles?

Ilioinguinal nerve

What nerve has the roots L1-2, pierces the psoas major anteriorly, divides into the genital/femoral branches, and its placement can be impacted by the presences of psoas minor?

Genitofemoral nerve

What ligament prevents hyperabduction and extension of the hip joint?

Pubofemoral ligament

What nerve has the roots L2-3, pierces the psoas major muscle, travels across the mid body of the iliacus muscle, and innervates the skin of the anterolateral thigh?

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

What nerve has the roots 1/2 L4-5, is not part of the lumbar plexus, and passes into the true pelvis to help create the sacral plexus?

Lumbosacral trunk

Where do the vessels, nodes, and lymphatics that are parallel to the aorta end?

Cysterna chyli

What is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, pubis and 2 of them make up the pelvis?

Ossa coxae

What is the border that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis, is an arcuate line to the pectinate line and pubic tubercle?

Pelvic brim

What type of pelvis is the region above the pelvic brim and is part of the abdominal cavity?

False pelvis

What type of pelvis is below the pelvic brim and contains the pelvic orange and birth canal?

True pelvis

What is made of 5 fused vertebrae and has a kyphotic curavture?

Sacrum

In whom is the pelvic inlet more oval/rounded and in whom is the pelvic inlet more heart shaped?

Female ; Male

What sex has a oval obturator foramen and the subpubic angle is much larger

Females

What pelvic ligament is from the TVPs of L4/5 to the iliac crest and stabilizes the lumbosacral junction?

Iliolumbar ligament

What pelvic ligament connects the anterior sacrum of the auricular surface of the sacrum and supports the anterior aspect of the sacroiliac joint?

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

What pelvic ligament is from the posterior sacrum to the ilium near PSIS and stabilizes the posterior sacroiliac joint?

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

What pelvic ligament is from the sacrum/coccyx to the ischial spine and converts the greater sciatic notch to the greater sciatic foramen?

Sacrospinous ligament

What pelvic ligament is from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and limits sacral nutation?

Sacrotuberous ligament

What pelvic ligament is deep to the sacral and iliac tuberosities, is the one of the strongest ligaments in the body, and is the primary stabilizer of the sacroiliac joint?

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

synovial plane joint