BIOL 1002L Introductory Biology II Lab Review

Flashcards covering essential topics from the BIOL 1002L Introductory Biology II Lab lecture notes.

What should students avoid bringing into the biology lab?

Food or drink.

What is the appropriate clothing to wear before entering the lab?

Personal protective equipment.

What are the topics covered in Lab #4 and Lab #5?

Lab #4 focuses on DNA Extraction, and Lab #5 focuses on Human Genetics.

What is DNA and what does it represent?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) makes up the genetic code of all living organisms.

What provides the structural framework of DNA?

A double helix comprised of two strands of nucleotides.

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T).

How do the nitrogen bases pair in DNA?

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.

What is the function of genes?

Genes encode information for cells to build proteins and produce an organism's traits.

What is a karyotype?

A photograph of a cell’s chromosomes with each set of homologous chromosomes paired up.

What defines a genetic disorder?

A disease caused by a defective gene(s) or an abnormality in chromosome number or structure.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

What are dominant genetic disorders?

Inherited diseases caused by an autosomal dominant allele.

What is nondisjunction?

Nondisjunction results in gametes missing a chromosome or having one too many chromosomes.

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Homozygous has two same alleles, while heterozygous has two different alleles.

What are the two types of sex chromosomes?

X and Y sex chromosomes.

What do the terms 'phenotype' and 'genotype' refer to?

Phenotype is the physical expression of a trait; genotype is the genetic makeup for a trait.

What is the significance of blood type in genetic analysis?

Blood type can indicate genetic relationships and is determined by presence of antigens and antibodies.

What are alleles?

Different versions of a given gene.

What is the purpose of isolating DNA?

For DNA sequencing, paternity testing, diagnosis of genetic disorders, and studying gene function.