DH202 Final exam study cards ( All past quizzes and KC's) no duplicate questions

What is the first step of the scientific method?

A.Form an educated guess (hypothesis)

B.Perform an experiment

C.Name the problem or question

D.Conduct the research

C.Name the problem or question

Which is NOT an attribute of Scholarly Identity?

A.Gives little regard to the work of other dental hygiene scholars and disciplines

B.Disseminates the findings of one's work through scientific publication

C.Has a sense of dental hygiene discipline as a whole

D.Uses evidence to support one's viewpoint

A.Gives little regard to the work of other dental hygiene scholars and disciplines

Which source provides funding for the educational and research activities of dental hygienists?

A.ADHA Institute of Oral Health

B.Local businesses

C.Chip

D.Medicaid

A.ADHA Institute of Oral Health

The purpose of dental hygiene research is to ________.

A.Establish that anecdotal recommendations are preferred methods of treatment

B.Prove that all patients are universally the same and need the same universal treatment methods

C.Justify things like making sure plaque is removed prior to fluoride application

D.Establish a scientifically based standard of care for dental hygiene practice

D.Establish a scientifically based standard of care for dental hygiene practice

Takes survey or makes observations about a population

Identifies chief complaint

Conducts literature review

Takes health history

Develops research question or hypothesis

makes diagnosis

Writes research proposal

Determines treatment plan

Obtains informed consent and research funding

Obtains informed consent for treatment

conducts research

Initiates treatment intervention

Analyzes and publishes research results

Recalls or reevaluates patient

Evidence-based practice takes into account which preferences?

A.Local government

B.Patient

C.Nonclinical

D.Experimental approaches

E.None of these

B.Patient

What is a body of techniques that uses observation, reason, and experimentation to further evidence?

A.Science measurement

B.Scientific method

C.Evidence-based method

D.Retroactive method

E.Both Science measurement and Scientific method

B.Scientific method

Why is dental hygiene research important?

A.To improve the public's oral health

B.To advance and promote the profession of dental hygiene

C.To continue advancing practice

D.All of these

D.All of these

According to Darby and Walsh if a dental hygienist sees his or her practice as scientific based, uses prevention strategy, and functions as a co-therapist, he or she is operating according to what conceptual model?

A.Occupational

B.Professional

C.Scientific

D.Research

B.Professional

Which of the following is NOT part of the Research Methodology Analogy?

A.Takes survey/makes observation about a population

B.Conducts literature review

C.Develops research question or hypothesis

D.Determines treatment plan

E.Obtains informed consent

D.Determines treatment plan

All of the following is private practice methodology except ________.

A.Identifies chief complain

B.Makes diagnosis

C.Makes observations

D.Imitates treatment intervention

C.Makes observations

Who is the founder of dental hygiene?

A.Irene Newman

B.Alfred Fones

C.Jack Orio

D.Christine Nathe

B.Alfred Fones

If dental hygiene is to evolve as a specific scientific discipline, ________.

A.Focus must be placed on being a field of study with a discipline interest

B.We must compile information from many disciplines and adapt it for a complete dental hygiene base

C.A research base solely generated by the profession must be established

D.We must ensure that all dental hygienists lobby for higher pay and more jobs

C.A research base solely generated by the profession must be established

Evidence-Based Practice means ________.

A.Using known methods and anecdotes

B.Using known methods with predictable results and scientific method

C.Using known methods with unpredictable results and scientific method.

D.Using known methods with predictable results, anecdotes, and scientific method.

B.Using known methods with predictable results and scientific method

Which type of study investigates existing differences to determine possible causes?

A.Experimental

B.Ex post facto

C.Correlational

D.Quasi-experimental

E.None of these

B.Ex post facto

T/F: Posttest sensitization is the effect of the pretest on the outcome of the study.

False

T/F: Stratifying a sample would define information such as age, gender, sex, income level, or educational levels.

True

An investigation that studies the frequency of flossing and periodontal disease is called a ________.

A.Correlational study

B.Survey

C.Trend

D.Case study

E.All of these

A.Correlational study

T/F: In a posttest-only design, the independent variable is introducing and then the dependent variable is measured.

True

Which type of research approach would involve a study of the development of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists' Association?

A.Case study

B.Historical

C.Descriptive

D.Ex post facto

E.Both Case study and Historical

B.Historical

A study that uses questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and indexes is called a ________.

A.Survey

B.Document analysis

C.Quasi-experimental

D.Developmental

E.None of these

A.Survey

Which type of approach describes and interprets current events or situations?

A.Ex post facto

B.Descriptive

C.Case cohort

D.Case control

E.None of these

B.Descriptive

Which study approximates the true experimental approach but lacks the control of true experimentation?

A.Survey

B.Quasi-experimental

C.Clinical

D.Retroactive

E.None of these

B.Quasi-experimental

Which study tries to investigate cause-and-effect relationships and involves manipulation of variables?

A.Trend

B.Experimental

C.Correlational

D.Survey

E.All of these

B.Experimental

Which type of study is an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or situation?

A.Quasi-experimental

B.Correlational

C.Case study

D.Experimental

E.None of these

C.Case study

The attempt to identify and describe the topic being researched is ________.

A.Objective

B.Analytic

C.Descriptive

D.Subjective

E.All of these

C.Descriptive

Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time?

A.Case control

B.Longitudinal study

C.Correlational study

D.Survey

E.Both Case control and Longitudinal study

B.Longitudinal study

A small version of a proposed study is called a ________.

A.Case study

B.Pilot study

C.Controlled study

D.Pivotal study

E.Both Case study and Controlled study

B.Pilot study

Which approach measures the relationship between variables?

A.Correlational

B.Experimental

C.Ex post facto

D.Case control

E.All of these

A.Correlational

A study in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is using a product or placebo is termed ________.

A.Double-blind

B.Blind

C.Cross-over

D.Double cross-over

E.None of these

F.Flag question: Question 3

A.Double-blind

T/F: A factorial design is used to study two or more independent variables.

True

Which type of research, for example, considers the effect of intraoral sodium bicarbonate rinses on the periodontal ligament of laboratory rats?

A.Case study

B.Case control

C.Experimental

D.Correlational

E.None of these

C.Experimental

Historical Approach

Designed to determine the meaning of past events

cohort

One population group with a common characteristic

descriptive approach

A survey fits into this approach

case report

A report about a small group of people

case study

A specific incidence of disease in one person

In which step in the systematic approach to evidence-based dental hygiene practice would you decide whether additional research strategies and information are needed?

A.Evaluate outcomes.

B.Apply evidence.

C.Determine the clinical issue.

D.Conduct a search for evidence.

A.Evaluate outcomes.

Which of the following is true of search engines?

A.Google searches provide only accurate and unbiased sources.

B.PubMed provides access to scholarly articles in biomedical journals.

C.Government agencies and independent organizations cannot be accessed by online search engines

D.Wikipedia is a search engine devoted to a specific professional literaturedatabase.

B.PubMed provides access to scholarly articles in biomedical journals.

Which one of the following online resources is not considered valid and reliable?

A.Online professional journals

B.Dental hygiene comments on blogs

C.Educational websites

D.Government-published guidelines

B.Dental hygiene comments on blogs

What is the first step in the systematic approach to evidence-based dental hygiene practice?

A.Develop a researchable question.

B.Apply evidence.

C.Determine the clinical issue.

D.Evaluate patient outcomes.

C.Determine the clinical issue.

Which of the following is true regarding the need for evidence-based practice?

A.The rate of published research increases yearly.

B.Patients are becoming less sophisticated about searching the Internet for health information.

C.Clinicians are consistently knowledgeable about new therapies.

D.The gap in knowledge of up-to-date care narrows the longer that clinicians have been out of school.

A.The rate of published research increases yearly.

A dental hygienist quickly recognizes that the bleeding from a patient's gums is a symptom of a lack of regular flossing. This determination is an example of which component of the evidence-based decision-making process?

A.Scientific evidence

B.Patient preferences or values

C.Clinician's experience and judgment

D.Clinical/patient circumstances

C.Clinician's experience and judgment

Validity is the ability to measure what was __________.

Intended

The "I" in the acronym PICO (which indicates key parts of a researchable question) stands for which of the following?

A.Intervention

B.Internet

C.Institution

D.Instinct

A.Intervention

Which of the following is not considered an accurate database for locating biomedical information?

A.Medline

B.Cochrane Library

C.ADA's EBD website

D.Wikipedia

D.Wikipedia

You are interested in researching the effects of pregnancy on dental hygiene. Which component of a good, researchable question does the issue of pregnancy relate to?

A.Outcome

B.Intervention

C.Comparison

D.Patient problem or population

D.Patient problem or population

Which type of research looks at the relationship between two or more variables?

A.Descriptive

B.Correlational

C.Experimental

D.Quasi-experimental

B.Correlational

Whether a source provides reference citations is a good indicator of which aspect of content analysis?

A.Accuracy

B.Objectivity

C.Relevancy

D.Quality control

A.Accuracy

Which of the following describes the quantitative research approach?

A.The results are reported using a narrative.

B.It is subjective.

C.It uses numbers only to report demographic information.

D.Data can be counted and analyzed by descriptive or inferential statistics.

D.Data can be counted and analyzed by descriptive or inferential statistics.

Which type of publication is good as a background resource but becomes outdated quickly?

A.Professional journal

B.Textbook

C.Magazine

D.Peer-reviewed publication

B.Textbook

In which step in the systematic approach to evidence-based dental hygiene practice would you evaluate the validity of a study?

A.Evaluate patient outcomes.

B.Apply evidence.

C.Develop a researchable question.

D.Analyze evidence.

D.Analyze evidence.

1. Name the problem or questions

2. Form an educated guess (hypothesis) of the cause of the problem and make predictions based on the hypothesis.

3. Test hypothesis by doing an experiment or study ( with proper controls).

4. Check and interpret results.

5. Report results to the scientific community.

Place the Steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order.

The purpose of dental hygiene research is to ________.

A.Establish that anecdotal recommendations are preferred methods of treatment

B.Prove that all patients are universally the same and need the same universaltreatment methods

C.Justify things like making sure plaque is removed prior to fluoride application

D.Establish a scientifically based standard of care for dental hygiene practice

D.Establish a scientifically based standard of care for dental hygiene practice

If dental hygiene is to evolve as a specific scientific discipline, ________.

A.Focus must be placed on being a field of study with a discipline interest

B.We must compile information from many disciplines and adapt it for a completedental hygiene base

C.A research base solely generated by the profession must be established

D.We must ensure that all dental hygienists lobby for higher pay and more jobs

C.A research base solely generated by the profession must be established

What publication is a compilation of cogent issues currently studied?

A.Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report

B.Healthy People 2000

C.Call to Action

D.Healthy People 2010

E.None of these

A.Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report

T/F: A risk marker is an attribute that is associated with the increased probability of disease but is not considered to have a causal role.

True

The theory that a disease can be attributed to many factors is termed ________.

A.Multifactorial

B.Cause-and-effect

C.Dimensional

D.Naturalization

E.None of these

A.Multifactorial

Epidemiology

The study of the amount, distribution, determinants, and control of disease and health conditions among given populations

Etiology

study of the cause of disease

Epidemic

Often called an "outbreak" of disease

Endemic

A relatively low, but constant level of occurrence of a disease or condition in a population

Pandemic

a widespread outbreak of a disease or condition across a region

Surveillance

Methods or systems used to monitor disease and morbidity in a population

Risk factors

Characteristics of an individual or population that may increase likelihood of experiencing a given health problem.

Incidence

the number of new cases of a disease or conditions over a given period of time

Mortality

The ratio of the number of deaths from a given disease or condition

Prevalence

a numerical expression of the number of all existing cases of a disease or condition measured at a given period of time

Index

A standardized method used to describe the status of an individual or group with respect to a given condition

Morbidity

The ratio of "sick" (affected) individuals to well individuals

Causality

a particular exposure results in a particular outcome

Validity

degree to which a research study measured what it was supposed to measure (internal) and can be generalized to the entire population (external)

Reliability

Consistency of a measure to present the same results when it's repeated

Disease rates

These are often "adjusted" to make valid comparisons and detect trends

The prevention agenda for the United States is discussed in which publication?

A.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

B.Healthy People 2010

C.Global Oral Data Bank

D.Prevention USA

E.None of these

B.Healthy People 2010

T/F: Observational studies can be conducted to infer causality.

True

The study of disease in a target population is called ________.

A.Etiology

B.Causality

C.Epidemiology

D.Naturalization

E.All of these

C.Epidemiology

What source contains oral epidemiological data from around the world?

A.Prevention International

B.Federation Dentaire Internationale

C.Global Oral Data Bank

D.International Federation of Dental Hygienists

E.None of these

C.Global Oral Data Bank

T/F: A risk indicator is a modifiable attribute that is known to be associated with a health condition.

True

T/F: Establishing risk is the same as establishing causality.

False

T/F: Causality means that a particular exposure results in a particular outcome.

True

T/F:A risk marker is an attribute that is associated with the increased probability of disease but is not considered to have a causal role.

True

T/F:Bacterial plaque converts all foods, especially sugar, into acid.

True

T/F: Root caries are most common in teenagers.

False

Overall, the prevalence of both partial and total tooth loss in adults has ________.

A.Increased

B.Decreased

C.Stayed the same

D.Doubled in numbers

E.None of these

B.Decreased

The number of all existing cases of a disease in a population measured at a given point is called ________.

A.Incidence

B.Prevalence

C.Morbidity

D.Mortality

E.None of these

B.Prevalence

T/F: Significant health disparities exist in different ethnic groups

True

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given period of time is called ________.

A.Incidence

B.Prevalence

C.Morbidity

D.Mortality

E.All of these

A.Incidence

Periodontal disease is caused by convergence of bacteria and an aggressive ________.

A.Toothbrushing technique

B.Flossing technique

C.Immune response

D.Both Toothbrushing technique and Flossing technique

E.None of these

C.Immune response

T/F: Dental caries is the most common of all diseases.

True

T/F:The host response is important in severe periodontitis.

True

T/F: Significant health disparities exist in different ethnic groups.

True

In the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), how many adults were found to have gingivitis?

A.20%

B.50%

C.70%

D.75%

E.None of these

B.50%

Which approach studies the meaning of past events?

A.Case study

B.Case control

C.Descriptive

D.Historical

E.All of these

D.Historical