Intelligence and Academic Achievement

These flashcards cover key concepts related to intelligence, assessment methods, and academic skills as discussed in Chapter 8 of the lecture notes.

What is intelligence?

Intelligence is consistently difficult to define and can be viewed as a single trait, a few abilities, or many processes.

G (general intelligence)

A measure of cognitive processes that influences one's ability to think and learn across all intellectual tasks.

Fluid intelligence

The ability to think quickly on one's feet and solve novel problems.

Crystallized intelligence

Knowledge accumulated from experiences, including facts and skills.

Phonemic awareness

The ability to identify and manipulate the sounds of spoken language.

Visual retrieval

Directly accessing the meaning of a word from its visual form without converting it to a speech-like form.

Binet-Simon Intelligence Test

The first widely used intelligence test developed by Alfred Binet to identify children needing special education.

HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment)

A measure for assessing family environments concerning children’s intellectual growth.

Mathematical equality

The concept that the values on both sides of the equal sign must be equivalent.

Mathematics disability

A condition affecting 5-8% of children characterized by performing poorly in mathematics despite normal IQ.

Flynn effect

The observed rise in average IQ scores over the past several decades in many countries.

Self-discipline

The ability to inhibit actions, follow rules, and avoid impulsive reactions.

Dyslexia

A specific learning disability characterized by difficulty with reading and spelling despite typical intelligence.

Standard deviation (SD)

A statistic that measures the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

A widely used intelligence test designed to measure the intelligence of children aged 6 years and older.

Continuity of IQ scores

Refers to the stability of IQ scores over time, often showing correlations across different ages.

Strategy-choice process

The method by which students select the fastest method for solving a problem based on their experience.

Mathematics anxiety

A feeling of tension and fear that interferes with the manipulation of numbers and solving mathematical problems.

Theories of successful intelligence

Sternberg's notion that intelligence encompasses abilities to achieve success in life based on personal standards.