chpt 10 terms

anticodon

triplet that is coplementary to a codon on mRNA

codon

series of three-base words that carry the genetic instructions for the amino

DNA

a molecule found in the nucleus of cells that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of an organism

DNA polymerase

enzymes that make the covalent bonds between the nucleotides and a new DNA strand can also helo repair damage to the DNA

double helix

the spiral, twisted ladder-like structure of a DNA molecule, where two complementary strands of nucleotides wind around each other, connected by base pairs, forming the characteristic shape of DNA

exon

a DNA sequence or RNA transcript region that is part of the final messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and codes for amino acids that make up proteins

genetic code

the set f rule that convert a nucelotide sequence in RNA to amino acid sequence

intron

a non-coding DNA sequence located within a gene that is transcribed into RNA but then spliced out before the final messenger RNA (mRNA) is produced

mRNA

molecule of RNA produced by transcription, carriersinstructionsfrom the gene

mutagen

physical or chemical agents that cause mutations

mutation

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can occur due to errors during DNA replication, exposure to damaging agents, or other factors

promoter

a specific DNA sequence located upstream of a gene where RNA polymerase binds to initiate the process of transcription

ribosome

cordinate the functioning of of mRNA and tRNA and actually make polypeptide

RNA polymerase

an enzyme that "reads" a DNA sequence and transcribes it into an RNA sequence,

rRNA

a small RNA molecule that acts as a link between messenger RNA (mRNA) and amino acids to synthesize proteins

start codon

a specific sequence of three nucleotides on a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule that signals the beginning of protein synthesis

stop codon

a specific sequence of three nucleotides on a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule that signals the beginning of protein synthesis,

terminator

a specific DNA sequence located at the end of a gene or operon that signals the RNA polymerase to stop transcription

transcription

the process by which a cell uses messenger RNA (mRNA) to create proteins.

translation

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA

tRNA

a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis