Chapter 3 - Skin Disorders and Diseases

Nail tech

Lesion

A mark on the skin

How many different types of lesions are there?

3

Primary Lesion

Lesions that are a different color than the rest of the skin and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin

Bulla

Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vehicle. Requires medical referral.

Cyst and Tubercle

Closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, semi fluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. One can be drained and the other cannot. Requires medical referral

Macule

Flat spot or discoloration on the skin

Nodule

A solid bump larger than 0.4 inches (1 cm) that can be easily felt. Requires medical referral

Papule

A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus

Pustule

Raised, inflamed, papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion

Tumor

Abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color. Any type of abnormal mass, not always cancer. Requires medical referral

Vesicle

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. Requires a medical referral if causes are unknown and it cannot be treated with over-the-counter products

Wheal

An Itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a blow, scratch, bite of an insect or urticaria (Skin allergy). Typically resolves on its own, but referral to a physician should be considered if it lasts more than 3 days

Secondary Lesion

Lesions that are characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as crust or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer. May require medical referral

Crust

Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing; accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal cells

Excoriation

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. Nail cuticle damage from nail biting may be an example.

Fissure

a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis

Keloid

A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue. They will form a long any type of scar for people susceptibl to them.

Scale

Thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes

Scar

Slightly raised or depressed areas of the skin that forms as a result of the healing process related to an injury or lesion.

Ulcer

Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body; accompanied by loss of skin depth and possibly weeping of fluids or pus. Requires medical referral, particularly in clients with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes

Anhidrosis

A deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases

Bromhydrosis

A foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet

Hyperhydrosis

Excessive sweating with unknown causes. People with __________ may sweat even when the temperature is cool or when they are at complete rest. This is a treatable medical condition

Miliaria Rubra

Prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands that is characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, Itching skin. Caused by blockage of the sweat glands.

Dermatitis

An abnormal inflammatory condition of the skin. The lesions come in various forms, such as vesicles or papules

Eczema

An inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin. It is a cute or chronic in nature and presents in many forms: From flaky to dry itchy skin to hot or moist lesions that are blister-like and sometimes painful.

Cellulitus

Appears as a swollen, red area of skin that feels hot and tender. It can spread rapidly to other parts of the body. Internal bacterial infection beneath the skin that is usually caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus

Psoriasis

A skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back. Caused by the skin turning over faster than normal.

Albinism

Congenital leukoderma, or the absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes.

Chloasma

A condition characterized by increased pigmentation on the skin or dark spots that are not elevated

Lentigenes

technical term for freckles. Small yellow to brown colored spots on the skin exposed to sunlight. Will fade when sun exposure decreases

Leukoderma

A skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches and caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells. Classified as vitiligo and albinism

Nevus

A small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries. Commonly known as a birthmark

Port-wine stain

An abnormal brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and irregular shape. Its permanent color is due to the presence of darker pigment. Stains occur during aging.

Tan

A change in the pigmentation of the skin caused by exposure to heat or ultraviolt energu

Contact dermatitis

Caused by continuous contact with irritating substances to the skin. This type of dermatitis can be short or long term, depending on the cause

Irritant contact dermatitis

When the skin is irritated by a substance

Histamine

An immune response to contact allergies and irritants. Manifests in the skin by creating redness or rash-like appearance

Allergic contact dermatitus

Prolonged exposure to certain ingredients can cause permanent ____________

Pheomelanin

A type of melanin that is red to yellow in color

Melanosomes

An organelle found in cells and that is the site for synthesis, storage, and transport of melanin

Eumelanin

Makes pigment in the skin brownish to blackish in color

Motor nerve fibers

fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrrectorpili muscles attached to hair folliles. Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

reticular layer

A deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, oil glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles

Sebaceous Glands

An oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the ___________

Secretory Coil

A tube like duct that is part of the sudoriferous gland that ends at the surface of the skin to form the sweat pore

Secretory nerve fibers

Fibers that are distributed to the sweat and oil glands. Secretory nerves, which are part of the autonomic nervous system, regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin

sensitization

A greatly increased or exaggerated allergic sensitivity to products

Skin tag

A small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin

Stratum corneum

The outer layer of the epidermis; also known as the horny layer

Stratum Germinativum

Also known as the basal layer; the deepest, live layer of the epidermis, which produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth

Stratum Spinosum

The spiny layer just above the basal layer

Subcutaneous tissue

Also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; a fatty layer found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body; contains fats for u seas energy; and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

Sudoriferous Glands

Sweat glands of the skin

Tactile corpuscles

Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure

Telangiectasias

The dilation of surface blood vessels

Tinea Manus

A fungal infection of the hand. It is typically more aggressive than tinea pedis but similar in look. Itching, burning, cracking, and scaling are observable and may be transmitted sexually or otherwise, whether or not symptoms are present

Tinea pedis

Fungal infection found between the toes known as athlete’s foot

Urticaria

AKA hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body’s histamine production

Vitamin A

Aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; improves the skin’s elasticity and thickness

Vitamin B

Have a direct impact on energy levels, brain function, and cell metabolism. Helps prevent infections and helps support or promote: Cell health and growth of red blood cells, they are water soluble.

Vitamin C

Needed for proper repair of the skin and various tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin’s dermal tissues, keeping the skin healthy and firm

Vitamin D

Promotes healthy and rapid healing of the skin; enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance

Vitamin E

Helps fight against and protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sunlight

Vitamin K

An oil-soluble vitamin essential for the blood-clotting process