Gastrointestinal Acid-Reducing Agents

Vocabulary flashcards covering PPIs, H₂ blockers, P-CABs, and common antacids mentioned in the lecture notes.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Drug class that irreversibly blocks the gastric H⁺/K⁺-ATPase (proton pump) in parietal cells, leading to profound, long-lasting reduction of stomach acid.

Omeprazole (brand: Prilosec)

Prototype PPI used for GERD, peptic-ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Pantoprazole (brand: Protonix)

PPI noted for IV formulation availability; treats erosive esophagitis and other acid disorders.

Lansoprazole (brand: Prevacid)

PPI available OTC and Rx; reduces gastric acid and promotes ulcer healing.

Esomeprazole (brand: Nexium)

S-isomer of omeprazole; provides slightly higher and more consistent acid suppression.

Rabeprazole (brand: Aciphex)

PPI with rapid onset of action; used for GERD, duodenal ulcers, and H. pylori eradication regimens.

Dexlansoprazole (brand: Dexilant)

Dual delayed-release PPI that extends acid control throughout the day.

Histamine-2 Receptor Blocker (H₂ blocker)

Drug class that competitively inhibits H₂ receptors on parietal cells, lowering basal and meal-stimulated acid secretion.

Famotidine (brand: Pepcid)

Most commonly used H₂ blocker; effective for heartburn, GERD, and ulcer prophylaxis.

Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB)

Newer class that reversibly inhibits the proton pump by competing with K⁺, offering rapid, potent acid suppression.

Vonoprazan (brand: Voquezna)

First P-CAB approved in the U.S.; treats H. pylori infection, erosive esophagitis, and heartburn.

Antacids

Over-the-counter bases that neutralize existing gastric acid, providing rapid but short-term relief of dyspepsia and heartburn.

Mylanta

Liquid antacid containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide; relieves acid indigestion and upset stomach.

Rolaids

Chewable antacid tablets composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Tums

Popular chewable antacid containing calcium carbonate for quick heartburn relief.

Maalox

Antacid suspension combining aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide; minimizes constipation and diarrhea by balancing the two salts.