TEAS Study: Ch 7: A&P: The Respiratory System:

The respiratory's primary function is to:

bring oxygen into the body, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

What are the organs of the respiratory system:

1. nose

2. nasal cavity

3. mouth

4. pharynx

5. larynx

6. lungs

7. diaphragm

Which of the respiratory organs make up the upper respiratory tract:

1. nasal cavity

2. pharynx

3. larynx

Which of the respiratory organs make up the lower respiratory tract:

1. trachea

2. bronchus

3. lungs

Describe the function of the nose and nasal cavity:

1. warm and moisten air as a person breathes

2. prevent particles in the air from entering the lungs through tiny nose hairs and mucus produced by the epithelial mucosa cells in the nose

Where is the pharynx located

behind the nasal cavity

Describe the function of the pharynx in the respiratory system

Both food and air pass through this long tube

Where is the larynx (voice box) located

just below the pharynx

Describe the function of the larynx in the respiratory system

1. channels air to the trachea

2. pushes food past the epiglottis (which covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs

Once food passes the epiglottis it moves to what organ

the esophagus

Once air passes the trachea (windpipe) it moves to what organ

travels down a long tube that branches into bronchi

The bronchi enter what organ

the lungs

The bronchi branch into what

Bronchioles before reaching tiny air sacs in the lung called alveoli

Gas exchange within the lungs occurs in what region

the alveolar region

Define the diaphragm

A muscle that plays a large role in breathing; located at the base of the lungs; separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

What is the main difference between the right and left lungs

The right lung is larger and heavier than the left lung because it has three lobes

How many lobes does the right lung have

3

How many lobes does the left lung have

2

What is the primary muscle of inspiration

the diaphragm

Explain the motion of the diaphragm as it contracts:

The dome-shaped structure flattens when it contracts. The rib cage moves outward, allowing outside air to be drawn into the lungs

Explain the motion of the diaphragm as it relaxes:

During relaxation, the diaphragm returns to its dome-shape and the rib cage moves back to its natural position. This causes the chest cavity to push air out of the lungs

The respiratory system can functionally be divided into two parts:

1. Air-conducting portion

2. Gas exchange portion (respitory zone)

Describe the air-conducting portion of the respiratory system:

Air is delivered to the lungs; consists of the upper and lower respiratory tract- specifically the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Describe the gas exchange portion of the respiratory system:

Gas exchange takes place between the air and the blood; This portion includes the lungs, alveoli, and capillaries

In the lung, what surrounds alveoli

capillary beds

The respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular and nervous systems to maintain blood gas and pH _______________.

Homeostasis

When regulating blood gas and pH homeostasis levels, what must be closely monitored: carbon dioxide or oxygen

Carbon dioxide

When there is too much carbon dioxide in the blood, what happens to the pH level of the blood

It is acidic (pH value is too low)

When there is not enough carbon dioxide in the blood, what happens to the pH level of the blood

It is alkaline (pH value is too high)

Define respiration:

The process of gas exchange between the outside air and the body