Program Logic Formulation Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, symbols, and guidelines for Program Logic Formulation and Flowcharting.

Program Logic Formulation

The process of coming up with the appropriate methodology in developing a specific program logic that will perform a prescribed computing task or solve a problem using the computer.

Algorithm

A set of well-defined instructions to solve a particular problem that takes a set of input(s) and produces the desired output.

Initialization

The algorithmic step responsible for taking any preliminary actions that may be required by a program.

Input (Algorithmic Step)

The step responsible for collecting the data that is used by the program to accomplish its task.

Process (Algorithmic Step)

The step responsible for transforming the data from one form into a different form through computations.

Output (Algorithmic Step)

The step responsible for presenting the processed input or displaying results.

Pseudocode

A simpler version of programming code in plain English, which uses short phrases to write code for a program before it is implemented in a specific programming language.

Flowchart

A diagrammatic or graphical representation that illustrates the sequence of operations to be performed to get the solution of a problem.

Input / Output Symbol

A parallelogram representing an instruction for an input or output device.

Processing Symbol

A rectangle representing a group of program instructions that carry out a specific task, like performing arithmetic operations or comparing and sorting data.

Decision Symbol

A diamond-shaped symbol indicating a point in the program where multiple paths are possible based on conditions where the path chosen depends on a question or test result.

Preparation Symbol

A hexagon representing instructions that modify operations such as control, index register, initialization, switch settings, or loops.

Terminal Symbol

An oval marking the start and end of a program, a point of interruption, or error conditions like parity errors.

Predefined Process Symbol

A rectangle with two vertical bars representing a specific operation or subroutine that is not fully detailed in the current flowchart because it is repeated multiple times.

On-page Connector

A circle used to link different parts of a flowchart without drawing flow lines, allowing the user to change reading order on the same page.

Off-page Connector

A pentagon used in flowcharts that span multiple pages to indicate where the flow enters or exits a page.

Flow Direction Indicators

Arrowheads added to flow lines to show the direction of processing, especially when the layout is unclear.

Flow Line

Horizontal or vertical lines showing the order in which flowchart symbols should be read; arrowheads are required for flows from right to left or bottom to top.

Flowcharting Guideline for the Diamond Symbol

All symbols except the diamond may have only one arrow branching out, but may have one or more arrows branching in.

Problem 1: Sum Logic

The process to determine the sum ($s$) of two numbers ($num1$ and $num2$) is represented by the equation $s = num1 + num2$.

Problem 2: Average Logic

The process to determine the average ($ave$) of two numbers where $s$ is the sum is represented by the equation $ave = \frac{s}{2}$.

Problem 3: Salary Logic

The computation for salary ($s$) based on hours worked ($h$) and rate per hour ($r$) is represented by the equation $s = h \times r$.

Problem 3: Bonus Logic

The computation for a bonus ($b$) set at $25\%$ of salary ($s$) is represented by the equation $b = s \times 0.25$.