A&P 1 Lab Organ systems

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to the overview of human organ systems as discussed in the laboratory manual.

Organ Systems

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions in the body.

Muscular System

System that enables movement of the body by using muscles which attach to bones via tendons.

Skeletal System

Framework of bones and cartilage that supports the body and protects internal organs.

Mediastinum

The space in the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, and other structures.

Greater Omentum

A large fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach and covering the intestines, involved in fat storage and immune response.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The space containing the abdominal and pelvic organs, including structures related to digestion and reproduction.

Serous Membranes

Thin membranes that line body cavities and cover organs, producing serous fluid to reduce friction.

Thoracic Cavity

The chamber of the body that houses the lungs and heart, protected by the ribcage.

Dissection

The process of carefully cutting apart a specimen to study its internal structures.

Function of Organs

The specific roles that individual organs play within an organ system.

Labeling Diagrams

Activity that teaches identification of organs and their functions in relation to organ systems through visual aids.

What Organ System belongs to a Nails?

The Integumentary system

What Organ System belongs to a Tendon?

The musculoskeletal system

What Organ System belongs to a thymus?

The lymphatic and Endocrine system

What is one obvious anatomical difference between male and female dissected rats?

Presence of testes vs. uterus and ovaries.

Where is the peritoneum located?

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers abdominal organs.

Where is the pericardium located?

Surrounds the heart.

Where is the pleura located?

Surrounds the lungs.

Name the three serous membranes.

Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum.

What are serous membranes?

Thin membranes that line body cavities and cover organs to reduce friction.

What organ system does the larynx belong to?

Respiratory system.

What is the Adam’s apple anatomically called?

Laryngeal prominence.

What organ system does the brain belong to?

Nervous system.

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Regulation of water, electrolytes, and waste elimination.

Which organ system do kidneys belong to?

Urinary system

What organs are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs.

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Water absorption and feces formation.

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Nutrient absorption.

What is the function of the stomach?

Mechanical and chemical digestion of food.

What organ system does the greater omentum belong to?

Digestive system.

Where is the gallbladder located and what does it do?

Inferior to the liver; stores and concentrates bile

Which organ produces bile?

Liver

What is bile?

a yellow-green digestive fluid that helps break down fats in the small intestine, making them easier to absorb, and also carries waste products out of the body

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste.

Which organ system does the diaphragm belong to?

Muscular system

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Primary muscle of respiration; separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

What organ system does the trachea belong to?

Respiratory system.

What is the mediastinum?

The central compartment of the thoracic cavity containing the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major vessels.

Which organs are located in the thoracic cavity?

Heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal)

What is the immune function of the spleen?

Filters blood and removes old red blood cells and pathogens.

What organs make up the lymphatic system?

Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, thymus, and tonsils.

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

What organ system does the heart belong to?

Cardiovascular system.

Which gland regulates metabolic rate?

Thyroid gland.

What is the main role of the endocrine system?

Long-term regulation of growth, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis through hormones.

Which organs compose the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Movement, posture maintenance, and heat production.

Which organs compose the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Movement, posture maintenance, and heat production.

Why are tendons classified under the muscular system rather than skeletal?

Tendons connect muscle to bone and transmit muscular force, making them functionally part of muscle activity.

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation.

Which organs belong to the integumentary system?

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D synthesis.