Reproductive System and Gametogenesis Overview
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21 Terms
What temperature is the scrotum kept at for viable sperm production?
94 degrees F (34 degrees C)
What covers the glans of the penis and is removed during circumcision?
Foreskin
What are the three cylinders of erectile tissue in the penis?
Paired corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?
It extends to form the glans penis and contains the spongy urethra.
Where does sperm production occur in the male reproductive system?
In the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
What is the pathway of sperm from production to storage?
Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules → rete testis → epididymis.
Where do sperm functionally mature and are stored?
In the epididymis.
What is the external female genitalia referred to as?
The vulva.
What is the primary internal structure of the female reproductive system that cannot be seen externally?
The vagina.
What is the main similarity between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
Both processes reduce the chromosome number from diploid (46) to haploid (23) and produce unique gametes.
How many usable gametes are formed at the end of spermatogenesis?
4 usable gametes.
How many usable gametes are formed at the end of oogenesis?
1 usable gamete.
When does mitosis in the testes occur?
Continually from puberty until death.
When does mitosis in the ovaries stop?
Before birth.
What does the head of a spermatozoan contain?
Chromosomes and an acrosome with specialized enzymes.
What is the function of the middle piece of a spermatozoan?
It contains mitochondria for energy.
What hormones stimulate the maturation of the follicle and ovulation?
FSH stimulates maturation; LH stimulates ovulation.
Which gland releases FSH and LH?
The anterior pituitary.
What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary?
The release of GnRH from the hypothalamus.
What hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone.
What type of questions can be asked regarding the figure in the notes?
Functional questions, labeling questions, and conceptual questions.