SIL Leaf/Tree/Fungi Quiz USE THIS ONE

Blade

Flat part that catches light

Midrib

Main center vein of a leaf

Veins

Branching lines that move water and sugars

Margin

Edge of the leaf; can be smooth, toothed, or lobed

Apex

Tip of the leaf blade

Base

Where the leaf blade meets the petiole

Petiole

Leaf stem connecting blade to twig

Simple leaf

One blade per petiole

Compound leaf

Several leaflets on one petiole

Opposite leaf arrangement

Leaves paired directly across from each other on a twig

Alternate leaf arrangement

Leaves arranged in a zig-zag pattern along the twig

Bark

Outer protective layer of the tree

Phloem

Inner bark tissue that moves sugars from leaves to the rest of the tree

Cambium

Thin growth layer that produces new xylem and phloem

Sapwood

Xylem that moves water and minerals up from the roots

Heartwood

Old xylem that provides structural support and is darker in color

Growth rings

Layers of earlywood (light) and latewood (dark) representing one year of growth

Photosynthesis

Process where CO₂ + H₂O + light produce sugar (glucose) and O₂ in chloroplasts

Maple leaf

Palmate with 3–5 lobes, deep U/V sinuses, opposite arrangement

White oak leaf

Rounded lobes, alternate arrangement

Red oak leaf

Pointed, bristled lobes, alternate arrangement

Hickory leaf

Compound with 5–7 leaflets, largest at the tip

Tulip tree leaf

Tulip-shaped with a notch at the top, simple, alternate

Birch leaf

Simple triangular/oval leaf with double-toothed edges

Weeping willow leaf

Long, narrow, drooping with fine teeth

Sassafras leaf

Can be oval, mitten-shaped, or three-lobed

Beech leaf

Oval with straight side veins, smooth or finely toothed margin

Fungi

Organisms that are not plants, closer to animals, do not photosynthesize

Hypha

Single fungal thread

Hyphae

Plural of hypha

Mycelium

Mass of hyphae forming the main body of the fungus

Mycorrhiza

Symbiotic partnership between fungi and plant roots

Mushroom

Fruiting body of a fungus that makes and releases spores

Spore

Reproductive unit of fungi

Chitin

Strong material making up fungal cell walls

Trees → Fungi benefits

Provide sugars from photosynthesis and safe root environment

Psilocybin

Psychedelic compound in some fungi studied in clinical research for therapy

Three things mushrooms do for trees

Extend root reach, improve mineral/water uptake, spread chemical alerts

Mycelium

Main body of a fungus made of hyphae

Spore

Tiny reproductive unit that can grow into a new fungus

Mushroom

Produces and releases spores

Turkey tail

Woodland fungus with colorful layers; supports immune system (educational)

Lion’s mane

White, shaggy fungus studied for nerve and brain support

Cordyceps

Parasitic fungus infecting insects; studied for energy/oxygen research

Penicillium

Fungus producing penicillin, the first antibiotic

Conifers

Needle-like or scale-like leaves, usually evergreen, produce cones

Broadleaf trees

Wide flat leaves, often deciduous, produce flowers and seeds

Xylem

Moves water and minerals up from roots to leaves

Phloem

Moves sugars (food) from leaves to other parts of the tree

BCSHP

Bark Cambium Sapwood Heartwood Pith

MSLP

Margin Sinus Lobe Petiole

Margin

Sinus

Space between lobes

Lobe

Leaf arm

Petiole