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Alliteration
The practice of beginning several consecutive or neighboring words with the same sound.
Allusion
A reference to a mythological, literary, or historical person, place, or thing.
Apostrophe
A form of personification where the absent or dead are spoken to as if present.
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds in a series of words.
Blank Verse
Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
Cacophony
Harsh, clashing, or dissonant sounds produced by combinations of words.
Cadence
A rhythmic sequence or course of sounds and language.
Caesura
A stop or pause in a metrical line, often marked by punctuation.
Consonance
The repetition of a consonant sound in a series of words.
Couplet
Two successive lines of poetry with the same rhyme and meter.
Dirge
A funeral song of lamentation; a short lyric of mourning.
Dramatic Monologue
A poem in which a single character speaks to a silent audience.
Elegy
A formal lyric poem lamenting the death of a friend or public figure.
End-Stopped Line
A line that coincides with the completion of a sentence or clause.
Enjambment
The running over of sense and grammatical structure from one line to the next.
Epic
A long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of legendary heroes.
Euphony
A pleasing smoothness of sound in spoken words.
Extended Metaphor
A metaphor sustained for several lines or throughout an entire poem.
Foot
The smallest unit of measure in meter, defined by syllable patterns.
Free Verse
Poetry that does not fit a regular stanza pattern or rhyme scheme.
Hyperbole
A deliberate and extravagant exaggeration.
Imagery
Descriptive language appealing to the senses.
Irony
A contrast between appearance and reality or expectation.
Lyric Poem
A short poem expressing personal emotion.
Metaphor
A comparison of two seemingly unlike things.
Meter
Ordered rhythm in poetry determined by poetic feet.
Metonymy
Substitution of a closely associated name for the word itself.
Octave
An eight-line stanza.
Ode
A formal lyric poem addressing a person or abstract entity.
Onomatopoeia
Words that mimic the sounds they describe.
Oxymoron
A paradox combining opposite terms into a single expression.
Paradox
A statement that contradicts itself but reveals a hidden truth.
Parody
An imitation of a style or content to ridicule or make light of it.
Personification
Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.
Pastoral
A poem dealing with rural life.
Quatrain
A four-line stanza of a poem.
Refrain
A line or group of lines repeated at intervals in a poem.
Repetition
The deliberate use of any element of language more than once.
Rhyme
The repetition of sounds in two or more words or phrases.
Rhythm
The alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Sestet
A six-line stanza.
Shift
A change or movement resulting from an epiphany or realization.
Simile
A comparison using "like" or "as."
Sonnet
A poem consisting of 14 lines of iambic pentameter.
Speaker
The voice in the poem, distinct from the author.
Stanza
A subdivision of a poem consisting of grouped lines.
Symbol
An object or action that has both a literal and larger meaning.
Synecdoche
A part used to signify the whole or vice versa.
Tercet
A three-line stanza.
Terza Rima
An Italian stanzaic form consisting of interwoven tercets.
Theme
The central message of a literary work.
Tone
The writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward a subject.
Understatement
A kind of irony that represents something as less than it is.
