SPTH1201 PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF SPEECH PATHOLOGY

Flashcards about Psychosocial Aspects of Speech Pathology.

Classical Conditioning

Association between one object or event and another object or event; formation of associations between two stimuli that are normally unrelated.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Stimulus that initially does not elicit a response.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.

Conditioned Response (CR)

Learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus.

Stimulus Contiguity

Acquisition of a conditioned response depends on the degree to which stimuli are paired in time.

Extinction

If the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), the conditioned association will weaken and eventually be broken.

Stimulus Generalisation

The process in which a conditioned response (CR) can be triggered by a stimulus that has never been conditioned but resembles the conditioned stimulus.

Stimulus Discrimination

A conditioned response (CR) is learned only to a specific conditioned stimulus; a response is not evoked by new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery

Reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response (CR) after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS).

Counter-conditioning

Substitute a positive feeling.