Anatomy Final

Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3, Unit 4

Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and support cells.

True

Which of these is NOT part of the dorsal cavity?

A. cranial cavity

B. abdominal cavity

C. spinal cord

D. vertebral cavity

Abdominal Cavity

The nose is ______ to the forehead.

Inferior

Choose the one option that is a function of connective tissues.

A. Gas transport

B. Contraction

C. Locomotion

D. Secretion

Gas Transport

What is a horizontal section through the body, dividing it into top and bottom, called?

Transverse plane

Nervous system does what ?

Controls other systems

Muscular system does what?

Creates movement

Skeletal system does what?

supports and protects body

Integumentary system does what?

Covers body

Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process?

to inhibit a stimulus

Yellow to orange pigment =

Carotene

only pigment made in the skin=

melanin

reddish-yellow to brown-black pigment=

melanin

pinkish pigment

hemoglobin

most obvious in palms

Carotene

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up __________.

an organ system

Which form of skin cancer is the most dangerous?

Melanoma

____ tissue does not regenerate well.

Nervous

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue ________.

is more durable than all other epithelia

The dermis has two major sublayers. Which sublayer is responsible for the cleavage lines in the skin?

the reticular layer

True or false? A person with a 3rd degree burn will not feel pain in the direct area of the burn.

true

________ are formed by collagen fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis that extend primarily along one plane. This makes them ideal for surgeons to cut along when they need to minimize tissue damage.

Cleavage lines

Endocrine glands (also known as ductless glands) secrete substances into the blood.

true

The epidermis consists of five sublayers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which layer contains dead keratinocytes?s

stratum corneum

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________.

collagen fibers

______ membranes are dry and cover the external surface of the body.

Cutaneous

Adipose tissue is made up of chondrocyte cells.

false

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

A.storage of minerals

B.hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

C.support

D.communication

communication

Another name for a joint is ____________.

articulation

Of what shape of synovial joint is the shoulder joint an example?

ball-and-socket joint

Which of the following would be most associated with process of warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we inhale?

A.the bones comprising the orbits

B.hyoid bone

C.the cranial bones

D.the nasal cavity

nasal cavity

The organic component of bone that contributes most to its tensile strength and flexibility is the ___________.

collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix

Immobilization can be an effective treatment for a sprain.

true

Choose the option that best describes the articular cartilage of a synovial joint.

A.hyaline cartilage that protects the ends of long bones.

B.thickened part of articular capsule fibrous layer

C.viscous, slippery fluid

D.small, fluid-filled, expandable space

hyaline cartilage that protects the ends of long bones.

Which of the following correctly describes bursitis?

A.inflammation of the joint

B.normal wear-and-tear of a joint

C.inflammation of the bursa

D.inflammation of the tendon sheath

inflammation of the bursa

Which of the following is the single most important hormone for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

a.testosterone

b.thyroid hormone

c.parathyroid hormone

d.growth hormone

Growth hormone

The shaft of a long bone is properly called the

diaphysis

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

true

Of which structural class of joint is a suture?

Fibrous joint

Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.

true

A joint with a deep articular surface will be more stable than a joint with a shallow surface.

true

Curvatures of the spine serve the body by ________.

giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock

Which of the following is a type of cartilagenous joint? An example of each joint type is provided in parentheses).

A.gomphoses (example is tooth socket)

B.sympheses (example is intervertebral discs)

C.synovial (example is elbow)

D.sutures (example is cranial sutures)

sympheses (example is intervertebral discs)

Which statement correctly links a synovial range of motion with its name.

a. A nonaxial movement permits no movement.

b. A multiaxial joint permits movement in all 3 planes.

c. A biaxial joint allows movement in one plane.

d.A uniaxial joint permits only slipping movements

A multiaxial joint permits movement in all 3 planes.

A cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is ________.

an osteoblast

Which cartilage type is concentrated at joints such as the knees and vertebrae?

fibrocartilage

The axial skeleton includes ________.

the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Bone tissue that appear “solid” to the naked eye is called ________ bone.

compact

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the freedom of movement for the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint?

A.Thin and loose articular capsule

B.Deep cavity of scapula

C.Rounded head of humerus

D.Shallow cavity of scapula

Deep cavity of scapula

______ is the most abundant type of cartilage and provides support, flexibility, and resilience.

Hyaline cartilage

Which type of bone marking is described as an outward bulge of bone surface and serves as an attachment site for muscles?

Projection

Which of the following best describes the source of intramembranous ossification?

A.Bone tissue forms by replacing hyaline cartilage.

B.Bone thickness increases during bone remodeling.

C.Bone tissue forms postnatally from an epiphyseal plate.

D.Bone tissue forms from fibrous membrane.

Bone tissue forms from fibrous membrane.

A bone with approximately the same width, length and height is most likely a _____.

short bone.

You are out for a run. Which source of ATP in the following list will be used third?

A.Muscle fatigue

B.cellular respiration (aerobic metabolism)

C.creatine phosphate (direct phosphorylation)

D.glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism

cellular respiration (aerobic metabolism)

How does temporal summation affect the force generated by a skeletal muscle fiber?

It increases the force generated by the muscle fiber.

Which of the following is happening during the latent period of a muscle twitch?

A.Molecular events of EC-coupling are occurring

B.Calcium reenters the sarcoplasmic reticulum

C.Cross bridge cycling occurs

Molecular events of EC-coupling are occurring.

Which of the following would NOT increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction?

A.sarcomere stretched to slightly more than resting length

B.higher frequency of stimulation

C.fewer muscle fibers recruited

D.larger muscle fiber

fewer muscle fibers recruited

______ is the ion that enters the skeletal muscle cell during the depolarization of an action potential.

Sodium

Which of the following is NOT a feature of isotonic contractions

A.increased muscle tension

B.muscle shortening

C.used in resistance training

D.absence of muscle shortening

Absence of muscle shortening

Which of the following is NOT a result of endurance (aerobic) exercise?

A.increased cardiovascular system efficiency

B.increased neuromuscular system coordination

C.increased size and strength of existing muscle cells

D.more mitochondria in the muscle cell

Increased size and strength of existing muscle cells

What would happen to the cross bridge cycle if ADP never binded to the myosin head?

The myosin heads would not be able to return to their original cocked position.

One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is maintaining posture.

true

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to ________.

regulate intracellular calcium concentration

In the sliding filament model, which sarcomere structure can completely disappear during contraction?

The H zone

Which of the following surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

A.epimysium

B.endomysium

C.perimysium

D.fascicle

endomysium

Select the best description of smooth muscle.

A.striated and not branched

B.not striated and not branched

C.not striated and branched

D.striated and branched

not striated and not branched

Which of the following is happening during excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?

A.Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid

B.Muscle oxygen stores are reduced

C.ATP and creatine phosphate stores restored

D.Glycogen is broken down into glucose

ATP and creatine phosphate stores restored

An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments.

true

If given the exact same amount of ATP, which of the three fiber types would be able to contract for the longest amount of time?

slow oxidative fibers

Which best describes the blind spot?

Location in the retina without photoreceptors

As an object comes closer to your eyes, will your lens flatten or round?

The lens will round as an object comes closer to the eye

Which photoreceptor type is best suited for night vision?

Rods

In which area of the retina are cones most concentrated for high resolution vision?

Fovea Centralis

What role do middle ear muscles play in hearing? Select all that apply.

They contract to limit movement of the ossicles and They contract when sounds need to be quieted

Describe the role of the hair cells in hearing

They depolarize in response to pressure waves and release neurotransmitters

Which vestibular structure detects tilting of the head?

Vestibular hair cell

What is another name for the sense of taste?

gustation