Advance Church History Test #2

Ecumenical Councils

meetings of the pope and bishops of the world to discuss central issues of the Church.

21 councils (22 if counting Jerusalem)

First 6 addresses heresy

council under the authority of the Pope

Church fathers

church leaders who passed on and clarified the teaching of the apostles from the 2nd through the 8th centuries

What are the criteria to designate Church Fathers

1. antiquity

2. orthodoxy

3. holiness

4. church approval

Doctor of the Church

a saint who has made a major contribution to theology

What did Constantinine do to support Christianity?

1. The clergy and churches exempt from tax

2. Sunday was a public policy

3. Crucifixion was abolished

4. Basilicas of St. Peter and St. Paul; Church of the Holy Sepulcher

What was the first Christian capital city?

Byzantium (later named Constantinople)

Who attempted to restore pagan tradition?

Julian the Apostate

Who made Christianity the official religion of the empire?

Theodosium

What is the heresy that Jesus is not fully divine, not equal to the Father.

Arianism

What council addressed Arianism?

The Council of Nicaea (the first one)

Who is the church father who defended the divinity of Jesus?

St. Athanasius

What council reaffirmed Nicaea?

Council of Constantinople

Who is the church father and doctor who defended the faith against Arianism?

St. Hilary of Poitiers

What did St. Basil the Great do?

founder of monastic life in the east

bishop of Cacsarea

developed divine liturgy used in Eastern churches

Who is the patriarch of Constantinople who developed the theology of the holy spirit?

St. Gregory of Nazianzus?

Who defended the title Theotoks?

St. Gregory of Nyssa

What heresy is the heresy that denied Jesus had a human mind and will, only divine will; condemned by the Council of Constantinople in 381

Apollinarianism

What heresy is the heresy that Jesus is the unity of a divine person and a human person; Mary is not the mother of God, only the mother of the human person Jesus

Nestorianism

Jesus is...

one human person, two (divine and human) natures

St. Cyril of Alexandria...

described the union of these two natures as the Hypostatic Union

What council condemned Nestorianism?

Council of Ephesus

What heresy is the heresy that Jesus has only one nature: divinity?

Monophysitism

Who was the doctor of the church who was a strong leader who defended Rome against the barbarians?

St. Pope Leo the Great

What heresy is the heresy that Jesus has two natures, but only one will?

Monothelitism

What heresy is the heresy that the validity of a sacrament depends on the holiness of the minister?

Donatism

Who said that Christ is the true minister of the sacraments; therefore, they do not depend on the holiness or worthiness of the minister?

St. Augustine

What heresy was the heresy that denied the original sin and need for God's grace and said that people can be saved by their own efforts to live a good life?

Pelagianism

Who was the bishop of Milan, one of the four great doctors of the Latin Church?

St. Ambrose

Who was the scripture scholar, made the first translation of the bible into Latin?

St. Jerome

Who was the patriarch of Constantinople who was known for his preaching and was one of the four great doctors of the eastern church?

St. John Chrysostom

Who were the four great Doctors of the Latin Church?

St. Augustine, Ambrose, Jerome, and Gregory the Great

Who was from North Africa, explored different philosophies, explored different rhetoric, and indulged in immorality? His mother prayed for his conversion. He was drawn to the faith by St. Ambrose. "Doctor of Grace"

St. Augustine

Who responded to Pelagianism?

St. Augustine

What was the beginning of monsaic life?

Heremits started living near each other and formed communities

Who wrote the rules for monks?

St. Basil

Who took over Gaul?

Franks and Vandals

Who did the Roman Empire fall to?

Visigoths; Germanic tribes

With the fall of Roman Society...

The church is the only organized institution left

Who defends Rome? What did he do?

Pope St. Leo the Great

Convinced Attila the Hun not to invade Rome

Unsuccessfully tried to turn back the Vandals from invading Rome

Who was the last Roman emperor?

Romulus Augustus

What happened to Rome under the barbarian society?

Classical culture was lost, the economy declined, central political control and social order were lost, the standard of living declined, and rural society formed

What is Christendom?

The civilization that arose from the ancient civilizations of Greece, Rome, and Israel

The society and culture of Europe, formed and founded on the Christian faith

What was the culture of the Germanic tribes?

warrior hunter society

loyalty to family and friends

mythology

used not law but customs

courage highly valued

What did the Church learn from barbarian invasions?

Christianity is universal

Shift to civilizing and evangelizing the Germanic people

Adapt to different cultures

What is monasticism (a type of religious life, seeking personal holiness) characterised by?

1. living in seclusion from the world

2. taking vows

3. living by a fixed rule

4. prayer, penance, and work

Who was a hermit and one of the main people in monastic life?

St. Pachomius

What were Monasteries?

1. Vital for the spread of Christianity?

2. source of spiritual strength

3. Seminaries for clergy

4. centers of evangelization and education for barbarians

What three different effects did monasteries have on Europe?

1. recovery and evangelization of rural society

2. center of learning (Greek and Roman writing)

3. helped civilize Germanic people (monks taught reading and writing)

The rule of _______ became a model for monasic life in the west?

St. Benedict

Benedictine monasticism is known for?

moderation

Who was a church father, who governed Rome, was the first Pope to use "servant of servants of God", reformed the Roman Rite to create one uniform liturgy, and sent missionaries

Pope St. Gregory the Great

What were the Visigoths?

Arians

Which Visigoth king converted to Catholicism?

Reccared

Who burned and looted Rome?

Vandal leader Genseric

Who invaded Gaul?

Attila the Hun; Pope Leo the Great convinced him not to invade Rome; the Hun empire fell apart after his death

Which king was converted by his wife?

The Frankish king Clovis

Who won the Papal States for Rome?

Pepin; became king of the Franks

Who united Western Europe under one empire, promoted the growth of European culture, was a devout catholic, sought to convert, not conquer, and established schools in monasteries and cathedrals

Charlemange

Who was upset about the crowning of Charlemagne as Roman emperor

Byzantine Empire

Where did the Muslims conquer?

Spain; Christians fled to the northern provinces

What were Christians living under Muslim rule called?

Mozarabic

Who evangelized Ireland?

St. Patrick

Who evangelized northern Britain and Scotland?

St. Columba

Who re-evangelized Britain?

Who was sent to spread the faith to the Anglo-Saxon people, and what king accepted it?

St. Augustine; Ethelbert

Who was the most important Anglo-Saxon scholar who wrote on Ecclesiastical History for the English people?

St. Bede

Who was a Benedictine Monk from England, who made monasteries and died a martyr?

St. Boniface

Who developed a way to reach the Slavic people, and what did they do to achieve it?

St. Cyril and St. Methodius (Patron Sts. of Europe)

Developed an alphabet to write the Salavanic language

Who converted Russia?

St. Vladimir

What did the new Western European and Chersian civilizations come into being through?

monasticism and missionaries

Who wrote Consolation of Philosophy?

Boethius