globalization hearth areas

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change

There’s a long history of globalization we can identify key events that shaped the world today

Global connections are

Functioning at greater speed than ever before

Operating at a much larger scale

Broader and scope affecting multiple social dimensions simultaneously

Increasingly complex

Hearth areas

Geographic settings Wear new practices have developed and from which they have spread

Nomadic Hunter gathering led to settled agriculture

Societies became focused around several hearth areas around

9000 to 7000 BC

Societies became focused around several hearth areas around

9000 to 7000 BC

Transition to hearth areas was enabled by several technologies

Slash and Burn agriculture

Domestication of animals, such as sheep and cattle

Advances in food storage and cooking

Hearth areas involved, more complicated systems of social organization

Specialization – division of labor, increase in non-agricultural crafts, like pottery, textiles, jewelry, and weaponry

Hearth areas, social effects – population

Higher density, rise and permanent settlements, better food security

Hearth areas, social effects – social organization

New social systems for organization, rights to land and resources

Organizing patterns of land use

Hearth areas, social effects – specialization

More non-agricultural activities

Art, weapons, religion, education

Hearth areas, social effects – economics

Increased connections between communities

Larger distances

Specialization in particular products

Beginning of empires

Group of mini systems consolidated into a single political systemSuch as China, India, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Rome

Empires became connected through trade

Silk Road

Created by Romans in Chinese to trade luxury goods such as silk and spices

Silk Road aloud for the spread of Culture

Buddhism from India into China

Spread of Islam

Silk grow aloud for the spread of disease

Black death may have moved into Europe through this route

Silk Road allowed for the spread of inventions

Gunpowder, compass, and the printing press moved west through these routes

Hearth areas – the Americas

Aztec and Inca empires

Salt spice and preservative for food

Regional specialization

Certain places started to specialize in economic activities best suited to their skills resources location

India specialization

Cotton

Central America specialization

Bananas

Malaysia specialization

Rubber

Colonialism

Establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate society

Colonization

The physical settlement of a new territory of people from a colonizing state

Control of people and land

Relationships were fundamentally transformed by

Colonization

Colonization started in

1492 and accelerated in 18th and 19th century

Colonization was carried out predominantly by

European countries

Started with Spain and Portugal

Why colonization?

Continued need for resources, increase productivity, support growing populations, increasing standards of living, military strategy

Colonization was also because

Philosophical ideas about destiny and civilization– Believe that one group can dominate another

Expansionary logic

Technologies – guns cannons ships that allowed some to overtake others

Land Dispossession

Taking or occupying land from its native owners or occupants

Key to colonialism

Fundamentally transforms power relations

Plantations

Large scale land, holding for cash crops, such as cotton, tobacco and rice

Approach to colonization

Slavery

Forced unpaid labor often on these plantations

1619 to 1865

12.5 million Africans were taken and enslaved globally

Imperialism

Idea that countries can control other people in lands

Colonization backed up by military force and economic power to advance a dominant countries interest

Settler colonialism

Settlers move to and stay in a colony – colonial powers, oversee the immigration of settlers to a territory

Settler colonialism works by eliminating any

Indigenous presence in the territory – done through violence and legal treaties

In the US settler colonialism was through the

Removal of Native Americans

Violent relocation of many indigenous tribes to the American West

Trail of tears – Cherokee