Anatomy and Physiology Lab Practical

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary artery

brachiocephalic artery

ascending aorta

common carotid

external carotid

internal carotid

vertebral artery

basilar artery

subclavian artery

axillary artery

brachial artery

radial artery

ulnar artery

palmar arch artery

digital artery

descending aorta

thoracic aorta

abdominal aorta

celiac trunk

superior and inferior mesenteric artery

what is the red artery?

common iliac artery

internal iliac artery

femoral artery

popliteal artery

what is the artery?

fibular artery

tibial artery

dorsal arch artery

pulmonary veins

what are a and b?

superior and inferior vena cava

brachiocephalic vein

internal jugular vein

vertebral vein

subclavian vein

axillary vein

cephalic vein

external jugular vein

brachial vein

median cubital vein

radial vein

ulnar vein

palmar arch veins

what is the blue vein?

common iliac vein

external iliac vein

internal iliac vein

femoral vein

saphenous vein

popliteal vein

fibular vein

tibial vein

dorsal arch vein

which chambers contain oxygenated blood?

• left atrium

• left ventricle

which chambers contain deoxygenated blood?

• right atrium

• right ventricle

what is the “systemic circulation”?

• oxygenated blood goes from the left ventricle into the aorta

• then goes to the rest of the body

• deoxygenated blood then enters the superior and inferior vena cava to go to the right atrium

What is the “pulmonary circulation”?

• deoxygenated blood goes from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

• then goes to the lungs

• oxygenated blood enters the pulmonary veins and goes to the left atrium

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

• arteries carry blood away from the heart

• veins carry blood towards the heart

Do all arteries contain oxygenated blood and do all veins contain deoxygenated blood?

• no

• most arteries do contain oxygenated blood and most veins do contain deoxygenated blood

• but there are some exceptions

right atrium

left atrium

right ventricle

left ventricle

right auricle

left auricle

chordae tendineae

papillary muscles

what is the green arrow pointing to?

interventricular septum

right coronary sulcus

interventricular sulcus

what is the black arrow pointing to?

base

what is the blue arrow pointing to?

apex

pulmonary valve

aortic valve

tricuspid valve

bicuspid valve

right pulmonary artery

left pulmonary artery

right pulmonary vein

left pulmonary vein

inferior vena cava

superior vena cava

aortic arch

right coronary artery

left coronary artery

great cardiac vein

middle cardiac vein

anterior interventricular artery

posterior interventricular artery

left coronary sulcus

what is the difference between the lengths of the pre / postganglionic neurons for sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

• sympathetic: short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers

• parasympathetic: long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers

Which neurons (pre / post) release ACh vs. NE / E for each division?

• sympathetic: preganglionic - ACh and postganglionic - NE / E

• parasympathetic: preganglionic - ACh and postganglionic - ACh

Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on body

• sympathetic

  • fight or flight

  • increases heart rate

  • dilation of pupils

  • increased sweating

  • bronchodilation

• parasympathetic

  • rest and digest

  • increased GI movement

  • decreased heart rate

  • constriction of pupils

  • bronchoconstriction

Differences in sympathetic and parasympathetic anatomy

• sympathetic

  • thoracic and lumbar regions of spine

• parasympathetic

  • cranial and sacral regions of spine

hypothalamus

• TRH : Thyroid Releasing Hormone

• GHRH : Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

• GHIH : Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone

anterior pituitary

• GH : Growth Hormone

• TSH : Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

• ACTH : Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

• FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone

• LH : Luteinizing Hormone

• PRL : Prolactin

posterior pituitary

• OXT : Oxytocin

• ADH : Antidiuretic Hormone

thyroid

• T3

• T4

parathyroid

• PTH : Parathyroid Hormone

pancreas

• insulin

• glucagon

adrenal gland

• Adrenal Cortex

  • cortisol

  • aldosterone

  • androgens

• Adrenal Medulla

  • epinephrine

  • norepinephrine

ovaries

• estrogen

• progesterone