5.3 Slides Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders

Eclectic approach

Combines multiple psychological perspectives for treatment.

Behavioral perspective

Focuses on learned behaviors causing mental disorders.

Level of Dysfunction

Interference with daily functioning due to disorder.

Maladaptive learned associations

Unhealthy responses learned from past experiences.

Perception of Distress

Individual's experience of suffering from symptoms.

Psychodynamic perspective

Focuses on unconscious thoughts from childhood.

Deviation from social norm

Behavior that significantly differs from societal expectations.

Humanistic perspective

Emphasizes personal growth and social support.

Cultural/societal norms

Standards that define acceptable behavior in society.

Cognitive perspective

Focuses on maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.

Stigma

Negative social attitudes towards mental health conditions.

Evolutionary perspective

Examines behaviors affecting survival and reproduction.

Racism

Discrimination based on race affecting mental health.

Sociocultural perspective

Influence of society and culture on disorders.

Sexism

Discrimination based on gender impacting mental health.

Ageism

Discrimination against individuals based on age.

Biopsychosocial model

Integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.

Discrimination

Unjust treatment based on group characteristics.

Diathesis-stress model

Disorders arise from genetic vulnerability and stress.

DSM

Manual for diagnosing mental disorders, latest DSM-5-TR.

ICD

International classification of mental disorders, latest ICD-11.

Operational Definitions

Criteria for distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior.

4 D's of psychopathology

Dysfunction, distress, deviation, danger in disorders.

Dysfunctional behavior

Behavior disrupting normal daily life activities.

Danger to self or others

Risk posed by individual due to disorder.

Diagnostic labels

Terms used to categorize mental health conditions.

Preconceptions/stereotypes

Assumptions affecting perceptions of diagnosed individuals.

Rosenhan study

Research illustrating issues with diagnostic labels.

Causation

Study of origins and causes of disorders.

Etiology

Scientific study of the causes of diseases.

Maladaptive thoughts

Negative thinking patterns contributing to disorders.

Social cognitive explanations

Focus on learned behaviors from social interactions.

Culture-bound disorders

Disorders specific to certain cultural contexts.

Susto

Latin American anxiety disorder linked to black magic.

Tajin-kyofusho

Japanese social anxiety about appearance and social withdrawal.

Antisocial personality disorder

Characterized by disregard for others' rights.

Major depression

Severe mood disorder affecting daily functioning.

Bipolar disorder

Mood disorder with extreme highs and lows.

Schizophrenia

Severe disorder affecting thought processes and perception.

OCD

Disorder marked by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

Alcohol use disorder

Problematic drinking leading to significant impairment.

Phobias

Intense fears of specific objects or situations.

Childhood trauma

Early life stress impacting mental health later.

Learned helplessness

Condition where individuals feel powerless to change.

Epigenetics

Study of how environment affects gene expression.

Mental disorder incidence

Rate of occurrence of mental disorders in populations.

US children incidence rate

13% of US children diagnosed with mental disorders.

Poverty and disorders

Higher disorder rates among those below poverty line.

Developmental trends

Patterns of disorder symptoms appearing over lifespan.

Psychological disorders

Clinically significant disturbances in cognition or behavior.