PSYC 101 Exam 1

structuralism

study parts of consciousness

functionalism

study function of consciousness

techniques involved with structuralism/functionalism

structuralism: introspection

functionalism: observation/experiments

Wilhelm Wundt

founder of psych, psych is consciousness

Edward Titchener

structuralism, used introspection

William James

functionalism, streams of consciousness, Principles of Psychology

Sigmund Freud

psychoanalysis, behavior is coping sexual urges

BF Skinner

psych should abandon consciousness, free will is an illusion, behavior is result of environment

John B Watson

behaviorism, psych should abandon consciousness

Noam Chomsky and Herbert Simon

cognitive psychology, language and problem solving

Carl Rogers and Abraham Moslow

humanism

Roger Sperry

biological bases of behavior

first psych lab

Wilhelm Wundt

first psych lab in US and first psych journal

Stanley Hall

developmental psych

human development across life span

social psych

human interaction in groups

experimental

studying basic parts of psych, emotions, learning

physiological psych

how genetics influence the brain and behavior

health psych

how psych influences health and illness

cognitive psych

higher mental processes

personality psych

studying consistency and what shapes behavior

psychometrics

quantifying human features like intelligence and personality

educational psych

the best way to learn

school psych

helping children in schools

industrial/organizational

using psych in workplaces

research vs applied psych

research is explaining the why using experiments, applied is using it in the real world

psych divisions UNC has

behavioral neuroscience, clinical psych, cognitive psych, developmental psych, quantitative psych, social psych

empiricism

knowledge from senses and observation

rationalism

using reason

steps of research

get to know topic, form hypothesis, design study, collect data, analyze data, conclusion

operational definition

how you will measure a variable

experiment

manipulate variable under controlled conditions to see changes

quasi-experiment

researcher doesn’t control IV, pre-assigned groups

levels of study

number of ways variable is manipulated

why is random assignment used

to minimize differences and prevent confounding variables

extraneous vs confounding variable

extraneous: extra variable, confounding: variable that affects DV

blind studies

prevent experimenter bias

descriptive statistics

describe data using mean, median, mode, correlation

inferential statistics

generalize from sample to population

correlation

relationship between two variables, r from -1 to 1

apa publication

used for formatting and citing research

controlling ethics in research

must be approved by apa

neurons vs glia

neurons: send signals with action potentials

glia: support neurons with food and myelin sheath

oliodendrocytes

glial cell of CNS, make multiple myelin sheath for many axons

Schwann cells

glial cell of CNS, make singular myelin sheath for singular axons

astrocytes

glial cells for communication and glycogen

microglia

glial cells for immune system

radial glia

glial cell for movement and growth of immature neurons

axon

long, thin fiber of neuron where action potential occurs

dendrite

receives information from neurotransmitters

myelin sheath

along some axons, speed and stability

terminal buttons

end of axon, releases neurotransmitters

action potential

electrochemical change along axon

excitatory postsynaptic signal

increase action potentials, depolarization

inhibitory postsynaptic signal

less likely to have action potential, hyperpolarization

dopamine

mood, movement, addictions, reward pathway

norepinephrine

mood and arousal, linked to depression

GABA

inhibitory signals

5-HT

sleep, eating, aggression

endorphins

similar to opiates, pain relief

action potential vs EPSP/IPSP

action potential: all or none law, strength of stimuli affects rate

EPSP/IPSP: cable properties, strength of stimuli affects signal strength

steps of neural transmission of information

action potential in presynaptic neuron, electrochemical change, terminal buttons release neurotransmitters, neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic neuron, postsynaptic potential of EPSP/IPSP determines action potential