Physical Layer (Layer 1) in OSI Model: Transmission, Media, and Devices

What is the Physical layer (PHY) in the OSI model?

Layer 1 responsible for the transmission and receipt of signals representing bits of data.

What are the two classifications of transmission media in the Physical layer?

Cabled and wireless.

What is cabled media in the context of the Physical layer?

A physical signal conductor provided between two nodes, such as copper or fiber optic cables, also known as bounded media.

What is wireless media in the context of the Physical layer?

Uses free space between nodes for transmission, such as microwave radio, also known as unbounded media.

What does physical topology refer to in the Physical layer?

The layout of nodes and links established by the transmission media, often divided into segments for performance or security.

What is a segment in a network?

An area of a larger network where all nodes share access to the same media.

What does the physical interface specify in the Physical layer?

Mechanical specifications for the network medium, including cable construction, connector form factor, and pin functions.

What does signaling involve in the Physical layer?

The process of transmitting and receiving encoded data, including modulation schemes and timing/synchronization.

What is a transceiver in the context of the Physical layer?

The part of a network interface that sends and receives signals over the network media.

What is the function of a repeater?

A device that amplifies an electronic signal to extend the maximum allowable distance for a media type.

What is a hub in networking?

A multiport repeater that serves as the central point of connection for nodes.

What is the purpose of a media converter?

A device that converts one media signaling type to another.