Studied by 3 people
Implements Ethical Decision-Making - 20% of assessment + Identifies Interventions - 10% of assessment
Normative Ethics
The branch of ethics concerned with establishing how things should or ought to be; it prescribes moral standards and guidelines for right and wrong behavior.
Descriptive Ethics
The study of people's beliefs about morality; it describes how people behave and think about ethical issues without prescribing what they should do.
Consequentialism
An ethical framework that evaluates the morality of an action based on its outcomes or consequences.
Utilitarianism
A form of consequentialism that determines the rightness of an action by its contribution to overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people.
Deontology
An ethical theory that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules.
Kantian Ethics
An ethical framework based on the philosophical work of Immanuel Kant, emphasizing moral duty, universal principles, and treating people as ends in themselves.
Virtue Ethics
An approach to ethics that emphasizes the moral character of the individual rather than rules or consequences.
Confucian Ethics
An ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, and sincerity.
Aristotelian Ethics
A virtue-based ethical theory derived from the works of Aristotle, focusing on the development of good character traits and practical wisdom.
Communitarianism
An ethical framework that emphasizes the importance of community in the formation of individual identity and ethics.
Ubuntu
An African ethical philosophy emphasizing the interconnectedness of human beings and the importance of community relationships.
Yorùbá Ethics
An ethical system from the Yorùbá people of West Africa, emphasizing character development, communal values, and the concept of destiny.
Relativism
An ethical view that moral truths depend on the individual or culture holding them, denying universal moral principles.
Care Ethics
An ethical framework that emphasizes empathy, compassion, and meeting the needs of particular others for whom we take responsibility.
Consequentialism
A tech company develops an AI algorithm that maximizes ad revenue but may compromise user privacy.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Deontology
A social media platform implements a strict content moderation policy to protect users from harmful content, even if it reduces engagement.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Virtue Ethics
A startup founder prioritizes creating a workplace culture that fosters integrity and compassion among employees.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Utilitarianism
An e-commerce company adjusts its pricing algorithm to ensure the greatest benefit for the most customers.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Relativism
A multinational corporation adapts its business practices to align with local cultural norms in each country it operates.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Communitarianism
A tech company prioritizes long-term community development over short-term profits in its expansion plans.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Care Ethics
A healthcare app developer focuses on building features that promote empathy and personal connections between patients and caregivers.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Deontology
A cybersecurity firm refuses to sell its services to a high-paying client with a history of human rights violations.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Utilitarianism
An AI research team designs an algorithm to maximize overall societal well-being, even if it may disadvantage some individuals.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Virtue Ethics
A company implements a mentorship program to cultivate wisdom and ethical decision-making skills in its employees.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Relativism
A global consulting firm tailors its recommendations based on the unique values and traditions of each client's culture.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Communitarianism
A tech startup prioritizes building strong relationships with local businesses and residents in its area of operation.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Care Ethics
An HR manager focuses on creating policies that nurture emotional bonds and mutual support among team members.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Consequentialism
A pharmaceutical company decides to release a drug that will save many lives but may have severe side effects for a small percentage of users.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Deontology
A software company implements a strict code of conduct that all employees must follow, regardless of personal beliefs or circumstances.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Virtue Ethics
A business leader makes decisions based on how they will shape the character and values of the organization in the long term.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Utilitarianism
A social network algorithm is designed to maximize user engagement and overall satisfaction across its entire user base.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Relativism
A multinational tech company allows each regional office to set its own ethical guidelines based on local cultural norms.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Communitarianism
A business incubator prioritizes startups that aim to strengthen community bonds and social cohesion.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Care Ethics
An AI company develops a chatbot designed to provide emotional support and build meaningful connections with users.
Which ethical framework does this represent?
Consequentialism
A tech giant evaluates the long-term environmental and social impacts of its supply chain decisions.
Which ethical framework does this represent
Ethical and legal
A tech company implements a comprehensive data protection system that exceeds regulatory requirements, ensuring user privacy while maintaining profitability.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Ethical and illegal
A pharmaceutical startup smuggles life-saving medication into a country where it's not yet approved, potentially saving thousands of lives but violating import laws.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Unethical and legal
A social media platform exploits a loophole in privacy laws to collect and sell user data without explicit consent, maximizing profits while technically complying with regulations.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Unethical and illegal
A multinational corporation bribes foreign officials to secure lucrative contracts, boosting its market share but violating anti-corruption laws.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Ethical and legal
An AI company develops an algorithm to detect early signs of cancer, adhering to all medical regulations and prioritizing patient well-being over profit margins.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Ethical and illegal
A cybersecurity firm hacks into a terrorist organization's network without government authorization, preventing a potential attack but breaking cybercrime laws.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Unethical and legal
An e-commerce giant uses aggressive tax avoidance strategies, exploiting legal loopholes to minimize its tax contributions while operating within the letter of the law.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Unethical and illegal
A food processing company knowingly uses contaminated ingredients in its products to cut costs, risking public health and violating food safety regulations.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Ethical and legal
A renewable energy company invests heavily in developing more efficient solar panels, balancing environmental benefits with sustainable business practices and adhering to all industry regulations.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Ethical and illegal
A group of programmers creates and distributes free software to bypass internet censorship in authoritarian regimes, promoting freedom of information but violating local laws.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Unethical and legal
A fast-fashion retailer exploits lax labor laws in developing countries to maximize profits, technically complying with local regulations but subjecting workers to poor conditions.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow?
Unethical and illegal
A cryptocurrency exchange manipulates token prices and engages in insider trading, deceiving investors and violating financial regulations for personal gain.
Which type of decision-making process did the company follow
Access
The ability of individuals and organizations to retrieve, use, and benefit from data or information systems, ensuring equitable and appropriate availability of resources.
Accuracy
The degree to which data is correct, consistent, and free from error or bias, reflecting the true state of the information it represents.
Property
The ownership and control rights associated with data, including intellectual property rights, and the responsibilities that come with data stewardship.
Privacy
The right of individuals to control their personal information, including how it is collected, used, shared, and protected from unauthorized access or disclosure.
Access
A healthcare startup develops an AI-powered diagnostic tool but struggles to ensure that medical professionals in rural areas can reliably use the system due to intermittent internet connectivity.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Accuracy
A financial technology company's machine learning algorithm for credit scoring occasionally produces biased results due to historical data discrepancies, leading to unfair loan rejections for certain demographic groups.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Property
A social media platform faces criticism for using users' uploaded photos to train its facial recognition AI without explicit consent, raising questions about content ownership.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Privacy
A smart home device manufacturer discovers a security flaw that potentially allows hackers to access live audio feeds from users' homes, prompting an urgent software update.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Access
A government agency implements a new online portal for citizens to access public services, but faces challenges in making it equally accessible to elderly and disabled individuals.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Accuracy
An autonomous vehicle company struggles with ensuring its AI can accurately interpret traffic signs and road markings in various weather conditions and lighting, potentially compromising safety.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Property
A dispute arises between a pharmaceutical company and a university research team over the ownership of a drug formula developed using the company's proprietary data and the university's resources.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Privacy
An e-commerce giant faces scrutiny for its practice of sharing customers' purchase history with third-party advertisers without clearly communicating this in its privacy policy.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Access
A global education platform grapples with providing equitable access to its online courses for students in countries with strict internet censorship policies.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Accuracy
A climate research organization discovers inconsistencies in historical temperature data due to changes in measurement methods over time, potentially affecting long-term climate models.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Property
A controversy emerges when an AI art generator creates unique artworks by analyzing millions of copyrighted images without permission, raising questions about intellectual property rights.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Privacy
A fitness tracking app accidentally exposes users' precise jogging routes and home locations through a public API, compromising personal safety and privacy.
Which data aspect best describes this situation?
Skewed Sample
A hiring AI system is trained primarily on resumes from candidates in the tech industry, resulting in poor performance when evaluating candidates from other industries.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Limited Feature / Sample Size Disparity
A facial recognition system struggles to identify individuals with darker skin tones because the training dataset contains disproportionately fewer examples of such individuals.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Tainted Example
A sentiment analysis tool is trained on social media posts that include offensive language, inadvertently learning to associate certain demographic groups with negative sentiments.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Proxy Bias
A credit scoring algorithm uses ZIP codes as a feature, indirectly reflecting socioeconomic status and leading to discriminatory lending practices.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Skewed Sample
An e-commerce recommendation engine fails to suggest products for older adults because its training data predominantly consists of purchasing patterns from younger users.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Limited Feature / Sample Size Disparity
A medical diagnostic AI underperforms for women because the majority of its training data comes from male patients, skewing its predictive accuracy.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Tainted Example
A predictive policing algorithm is trained on historical crime data that reflects systemic biases, leading to over-policing in certain neighborhoods.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Proxy Bias
An insurance pricing model uses vehicle ownership history as a feature, which correlates with income levels and results in higher premiums for low-income individuals.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Skewed Sample
A language translation model performs poorly for less commonly spoken languages because its training data primarily consists of widely spoken languages like English and Spanish.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Limited Feature / Sample Size Disparity
An autonomous vehicle's object detection system struggles to recognize pedestrians in snowy conditions because most training images were collected in clear weather.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Tainted Example
A job-matching algorithm is trained on historical hiring data that reflects gender biases, leading it to favor male candidates for leadership roles.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Proxy Bias
A college admissions algorithm uses extracurricular activity participation as a feature, which indirectly disadvantages applicants from low-income backgrounds who may have fewer opportunities for such activities.
Which source of bias problem does the AI represent?
Skewed Sample
A bias that occurs when the training data does not represent the diversity of the real-world population, leading to poor performance on underrepresented groups or scenarios.
Limited Feature / Sample Size Disparity
A bias that arises when certain features or groups in the dataset are underrepresented, causing the AI to perform less accurately for those features or groups.
Tainted Example
A bias introduced when the training data contains flawed, prejudiced, or unethical examples, causing the AI to learn and replicate those biases in its predictions.
Proxy Bias
A bias that occurs when an AI uses a feature as a proxy for another sensitive or discriminatory factor, leading to unintended and unfair outcomes.
A hiring platform uses an AI algorithm to screen resumes but notices that fewer women are being shortlisted. The company implements a method to ensure that the algorithm's recommendations are unbiased across gender groups.
Which intervention is being applied?
Fairness Metric
A credit scoring company identifies that its model disproportionately denies loans to minority applicants. To address this, they introduce a method to assess and adjust the model's decisions for equitable outcomes.
Which intervention is being applied?
A healthcare AI system recommends treatments but performs less accurately for older patients. The developers apply something to measure and improve the system's performance across all age groups.
Which intervention is being applied?
A quantitative measure used to assess and ensure that an AI system or algorithm treats different groups or individuals equitably, often focusing on protected characteristics to prevent discrimination and promote equal outcomes across diverse populations.
A group of people with a common characteristic who are legally protected from discrimination on the basis of that characteristic, such as race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability.
An attribute or characteristic of individuals that is specifically safeguarded against discrimination in decision-making processes, often corresponding to protected classes and including sensitive information like gender, ethnicity, or age.
A bias mitigation strategy applied before model training, focusing on modifying the input data to remove or reduce bias, such as resampling, reweighting, or transforming features to ensure fair representation.
A bias mitigation strategy applied during model training, involving modifications to the learning algorithm or optimization process to promote fairness, such as adjusting the loss function or using adversarial debiasing techniques.
A bias mitigation strategy applied after model training, involving adjustments to the model's outputs or decisions to ensure fairness, such as calibrating predictions or applying fairness constraints to the results.
A financial institution identifies bias in its loan approval dataset and applies techniques such as re-sampling and re-weighting the data to ensure fair representation of all demographic groups before training its AI model.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
A tech company integrates a fairness-aware algorithm into its hiring AI system during the training phase to reduce discriminatory outcomes against underrepresented groups.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
A healthcare AI system is found to recommend fewer advanced treatments to minority patients. The developers adjust the predictions of the trained model to ensure equitable treatment recommendations across all patient groups.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
An e-commerce platform discovers that its recommendation system favors products from certain regions due to imbalanced training data. The team balances the dataset by augmenting underrepresented regional data before retraining the model.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
A facial recognition company modifies the loss function of its model during training to penalize errors more heavily for underrepresented demographic groups, ensuring improved accuracy across all populations.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
A credit scoring algorithm produces biased results for women, so the company applies a fairness constraint after the model has been trained to adjust scores and ensure equal approval rates across genders.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
A university admissions AI system shows bias against applicants from low-income backgrounds. The developers anonymize sensitive features like ZIP codes and re-balance the training data before building a new model.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
A job-matching platform incorporates adversarial debiasing techniques during model training to minimize gender and racial biases in its recommendations.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
After deploying a predictive policing AI, a city government discovers that it disproportionately targets certain neighborhoods. They apply fairness constraints to the model’s outputs to ensure unbiased predictions moving forward.
Which bias mitigation strategy is being used?
Ethics
A code of behavior that is defined by the group in which an individual belongs.
Morals
Are he personal principles upon which an individual bases his or her decisions about what is right and what is wrong.
Laws
System of rules that are created and enforced by institutions, such as police, courts, etc.
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Flashcard (23)