Studied by 80 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
what is the respiratory system comprised of? (7)
nose
oropharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
lungs
what is the structure of the upper airway? (3)
nasophyrynx
oropharynx
larynx
what is the structure of the lower airway? (4)
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
what is the structure of the right lung?
made up of 3 lobes
what is the structure of the left lung?
made up of 2 lobes
what is the function of the lungs?
responsible for bronchodilation/bronchoconstriction
linked to the PNS/SNS
what is ventilation?
flow of air inside or outside of the alveoli
what is perfusion?
flow of blood by the cardiopulmonary system into the alveolar capillaries
what does surfactant do?
a lubricant made in the lungs, keeps the alveoli from collapsing
what is hypoxemia?
when there is a limited amount of oxygen in the blood
what is hypoxia?
lack of oxygen at the cellular level
what is the process of pulmonary circulation?
deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle and is taken to the pulmonary artery into the tricuspid valve, blood is the taken into the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk then it goes to the semilunar valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries into the lungs.
what are the steps of assessing bowel sounds? (3)
ausulate
palpate
percuss
what is patient centered care?
a concept that puts the client at the center of the nurses care
what is watson’s theory of human caring?
to care for others, nurses must first care for themselves and attempt to achieve inner balance and spirituality
what are the 10 caritas processes?
sustaining humanistic value the practice of loving, kindness, compassion, and equanimity with self and others
being authentically present, enabling faith/hope/belief system, and honoring subjective inner, lifeworld of self and others
being sensitive to self and others by cultivating own spiritual practices; moving beyond ego to transpersonal presence
developing and sustaining loving, trusting, caring relationships
allowing for expression of positive/negative feeling
creatively problem-solving through caring process
engaging in transpersonal teaching and learning within context of caring relationships
creating healing environment at all levels whereby authentic caring presence potentiates wholeness
reverently assisting with basic needs as sacred acts
opening to spiritual, mystery, unknowns
what is hospice care?
the administration of medical care to support the client who has a terminal illness, so they can live the last days of their life as best as they can, as long as they can
what is palliative care?
holistic care provided throughout the lifespan for client experiencing severe medical illness and particularly for clients approaching end of life
what is good death?
when a client is actively dying, health care providers, family, and caregivers are responsible for providing a ‘good death’ for the client
whats included in post mortem care?
physical care performed after death to prepare a body for viewing, autopsy, or release to funeral home
includes washing the body, accounting for the clients possessions, removing invasive devices such as IV, and placed ID tags in at least 2 areas
include documenting the date/time, name of anyone notified, location of belongings, and where the body is moved
what do you do with an organ donation?
nothing, besides be there for the pt/pt family while they are making their decision
what are nursing informatics?
defined as the integration of technology and physical devices with nursing knowledge/nursing clinical decision-making skills
what is cultural competence?
includes appreciating, accepting, and respecting all individuals’ cultural influences, beliefs, customs, and values
what is EMIC?
a cultural insiders viewpoint of a culture
what is ETIC?
an outsiders viewpoint of a culture
what is health equity?
attaining the highest level of health for all individuals
what are health disparities?
involve health outcomes that may be greater or lesser among different socioeconomic population
what is the joint commission (TJC)
impartial national organization that accredits hospitals and other health care facilities based on their safety performances, policy, procedures, practice, and outcomes
what is national patient safety goals (NPSG) and standards of compliance?
identify established relevant safety practices health care institutions should accomplish
what is a sentinel event?
critical, unexpected adverse event that caused severe physical or psychological harm to a patient including death and dismemberment; permanent injury; or severe, temporary injury
what is client health literacy?
the clients ability to obtain, read, and understand basic health information
what are the 5 maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
physiological needs
safety needs
social belonging
esteem
self actualization
what is the ABCDE method
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
what is the CURE hierarchy
Critical
Urgent
Routine
Extras
what is myopia?
nearsightedness
hyperopia
farsightedness
astigmatism
the eye cannot focus light evenly on the retina, causing blurred vision/distortion
what is presbyopia?
decrease in the ability to focus up close or with small print
what are cataracts?
cloudy area on the eye lens caused by proteins in the eye breaking down and clumping together
what is diabetic retinopathy
affects blood vessels in the retina and can lead to vision loss and complete blindness
can advance and cause glaucoma
what is the American Nurses Association (ANA) code of ethics?
establishes ethical standards for the profession of nursing
what is health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPPA)
protects individual health insurance coverage through portability, the ability to transfer and continue coverage if a person loses employer-sponsered health insurance due to job loss/job change
what is the HIPPA privacy rule?
protects health information that could be used to identify an individuals
what is emergency medical treatment and active labor act (EMTALA)?
prevents ‘patient dumping’ the practice of one health care organization moving a client based on their inability to pay or lack of insurance coverage
ensures that any individual presenting to an ER will receive, at minimum, a medical screening examination and treatment until stabilized
What is the patient self-determination act (PSDA)
requires all healthcare organizations to inform clients of their right to make decisions regarding their care
gives clients the right to refuse treatment
advance directives are written documents outlining the wishes of the person in the event they cannot make decisions for themselves
what is self concept?
the way a person thinks about themselves or their overarching perception of who they are
what is self-esteem?
how a person feels about him- or herself
what are the 3 components of roger’s theory of self concept
self-image: genetics and physical characteristics
self-esteem: assessment of a person’s overall level of self-worth and how they feel about him/herself
the ideal self: what a person wants to be
what is erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
trust vs. mistrust (birth to 1 year)
autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1 to 3 years)
initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6 years)
industry vs. inferiority (6 to 12 years)
identity vs. role confusion (12 to 19 years)
intimacy vs. isolation (20 to mid-40)
generativity vs. stagnation (mid-40s to mid-60s)
integrity vs. despair (mid-60s to death)
what are the 4 types of grief?
normal
aka uncomplicated grief
anticipatory
experienced before the expected loss of someone/something
prolonged grief disorder (PGD)
complicated grief, lasts >6 months can be so significant that the pt is not able to function
disenfranchised
a relationship that does not coincide with what is considered by society to be a recognizable/justified loss
what are Kubler-ross 5 stages of grief?
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
what is the NURSE technique (supporting a pt during grief)
name
understand
respect
support
explore
what is general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
alarm
resistance
exhaustion
what is a sentinel event
results in a client death or permanent/severe temporary harm
what is the affordable care act (ACA)
a law that intends on improving health care quality while lower the cost, increasing access for all, encourage prevention, and providing protetion to those who access health care services
what are the stages from novice to expert
novice- beginner with little to no experience
advanced beginner- demonstrates basic skills but still needs guidance from mentor
competent- can plan, make decisions, and perform job responsibly/efficiently
what are considered Laissez-Faire leaders?
hands off leaders that oversee and encourage
relinquish power and responsibility to others
makes minimal decisions yet provides the necessary resources and tools needed for employees
what are bureaucratic leaders?
“by the book” leader
what does PDSA stand for?
Plan
Do
Study
Act
what is root cause analysis?
follows TJC directive to investigate an incident to determine what happened and how to prevent it from happening again
what is cost effective care?
providing care that is safe and effective yet managing the cost of such care
what are never events?
medical errors that are identifiable, preventable, and have potential for serious risk to clients.
what is EBP
using research in clinical practice involving the client to give quality care and use of the best practice
what are the 3 perioperative phases?
preoperative
intraoperative
postoperative
what is a informed consent?
clients full understanding and choice to have a treatment/procedure
what is dehiscence?
client teaching should include the need for splinting surgical incisions to decrease pain and prevent dehiscence (opening of a surgical wound)
what is a PCA
computerized pump with a syringe of pain medication connected to an IV line.
what are safety considerations for a surgical client? (4)
fall risk
aspiration
precautions
impaired cognition
what is circadian rhythm?
internal process that controls the sleep-wake cycle
what is sleep wake homeostasis
assists the body to remember to sleep after a given time
what is the 1st stage of sleep
the lightest sleep stage
what is the 2nd stage of sleep
client becomes challenging to awaken
HR and temp decreases
what is the 3rd stage of sleep
deepest sleep
if awoken in 3rd stage, clients may have mental cloudiness for 30 to 60 minutes
what is the 4th stage of sleep
REM (the dreaming cycle)
HR is elevated
breathing is irregular and erratic
how do you promote sleep
avoid stimulants (4-6) hours before bed
caffeine, alcohol, nicotine
remove light and noise
establish routine
go to bed only when tired
what are some sleep disorders? (7)
insomnia
inability to sleep
apnea
absence of airflow for a minimum of 10 seconds
hypopnea
decrease oxygen saturation and lasts longer than 10 seconds
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse
narcolepsy
chronic sudden sleepiness and sudden periods of sleep
hypersomnia
excessive daytime fatigue w/o improvement after more sleep
restless leg syndrome (RLS)
uncontrollable urge to move legs during sleep
what are the 3 layers of the skin?
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis (subQ)
what are risk factors for development of pressure injuries/wounds (3)
age
mobility issues
weight
where are the most common places to get a pressure injury
bony prominences
what does TIME stand for (pressure injury nurse notes)
Tissue integrity
Inflammation
Moisture
Edge of the wound
what are factors that influence wound healing (DIDNT HEAL)
Diabetes
Infection
Drugs
Nutritional problems
Tissue necrosis
Hypoxia
Extensive tension
Another wound
Low temperatures
what are the 3 phases in the wound healing process
hemostatic/inflammatory - blood coagulates
proliferation - new collagen fibers are formed
remodeling - new collagen replaces the soft collagen
what are the 3 types of wound healing?
primary healing/first intention
occurs in clean lacerations/surgical incisions
secondary healing/secondary intention
when the wound is left open to heal
delayed primary closure
combination of primary/2ndary healing, wound is left open for 5-10 days before being closed with sutures
what is blanching
skin redness
what is non blanchable erythema
redness that does not go away when pressure is applied, a sign that structural damage has occured to the skin
how would you measure a wound size
tracing the wound circumference and calculating the wound surface area with a special see-through tape
measuring the length/width of the wound
what is an acute wound
develops as a result of injury and typically are a result of trauma
what is a chronic wound
develop over time from acute wounds that do not progress in healing
what are electrolytes
minerals in the body that can conduct electricity
include potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium
what are electrolytes responsible for? (4)
balancing the amount of water in the body
balancing the body’s PH balance
moving waste out of the body
moving nutrients into cells
what is hyponatremia
low sodium levels
what is hypernatremia
high sodium levels
what is hypovolemia
when there is a decrease in blood volume within the body due to loss of body fluids or blood
what is a considered a physical hazard? (5)
MVA
Poison
falls
fire
disasters
What is health literacy?
refers to client’s knowledge and understanding their conditions
What is holistic nursing?
nurses provide care for the whole person: their physical, emotional, mental & spiritual health, whether providing direct care for the client or advocating and arranging for appropriate care to fulfill that client’s needs & concerns.
What do case managers do?
are conduit between clients and the health care system
ensure clients receive the care they need to safely navigate the health care system & achieve a safe outcome
afford clients the highest level of care through an interdisciplinary care plan
Why use evidence-based practice?
improves clients outcomes
nurses’ experience increase job satisfaction
cost of health care is lowered
provide nurses a framework to execute a clinical judgement based on research and quality improvement
what is the spirit of inquiry?
the desire to clarify complex issues through research and trends that influence client outcomes
What is scientific literature?
peer-reviewed, published scientific articles that are examined prior to publication by a panel of experts for accuracy, authenticity, and scientific rigor
Note 
Flashcard (20)