Lymphomas and translocations

ASCP SMB

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the overproduction of immature lymphoblasts. It is most common in children and can be associated with specific genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations.

Common translocations include:

t(4;11)
t(11;14)
t(9;22)
t(12;21)

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal myeloid cells.Associated with APL as a rare and aggressive subtype of AML. Test for PML-Rara fusion gene

Translocation: t(8;21)

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

A subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by the presence of promyelocytes, leading to the formation of the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) fusion gene.

Treated with Vitamin A

translocation: t(15;17)

Burkitt Lymphoma

A highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, often associated with the translocation of the MYC gene, commonly involving t(8;14). It is characterized by rapid tumor growth and can arise in the abdomen or jaw.

Translocation t(8;14)

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, caused by the Philadelphia chromosome resulting from the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. It typically progresses slowly and is associated with an increase in myeloid cells.

Imatinib for first line chronic phase CML treatment

Translocation:

t(9;22)

t(11;22)

Follicular Lymphoma

A common type of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, often characterized by the translocation of the BCL2 gene. It generally presents with painless lymphadenopathy.

Translocation involving t(14;18) t(8;14)

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

A subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the translocation of the CCND1 gene, resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1.

Translocation t(11;14)

Multiple Myeloma

A complex hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells.

Mutations in CCND1, CDKN2C, and RB1 genes

Hyperdiploidy

Translocations involve:

t(4;14)

t(11;14)

t(14;16)

T Cell Lymphoma

Translocation t(8;14)

B-Cell Leukemia

Translocations
t(2;8)

t(8;14)

t(8;22)

t(11;14)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

t(14;19)

Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma (MALTL)

t(11;18)

t(14;18)

t(1;14)

Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (P-ALL)

t(1;19)

Ewing Sarcoma

t(11;22)

Detected by RT-PCR

Synovial Sarcoma

t(X;18)

Detected by FISH or RT-PCR

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)

t(1;13)

t(2;13)

Detected by FISH, RT-PCR, qPCR, and RNA sequencing