thermochemistry vocab

amorphous

a solid that lacks a regular, repeating, three

crystalline

having the structure and form of a crystal; composed of crystals

volatile

the tendency of a substance to vaporize

vapor pressure

pressure exerted by a vapor when the vapor is in equilibrium with the liquid or solid form, or both, of the same substance

viscosity

resistance to flowing

surface tension

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

sublimation

conversion of a substance from the solid to the gaseous state without its becoming liquid

boiling point

the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the surrounding pressure

melting point

the temperature at which a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid state

evaporation

the process by which a liquid, like water, changes into a gas (vapor)

deposition

the direct transition of a substance from its gaseous state to a solid state without passing through the liquid state

condensation

the process where water vapor becomes liquid

solution

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent).

solute

the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.

solvent

able to dissolve other substances.

solubility

the ability of one substance (the solute) to dissolve in another substance (the solvent) to form a solution

saturated

holding as much water or moisture as can be absorbed; thoroughly soaked.

unsaturated

it can still absorb or dissolve more of something else

supersaturated

more is dissolved than normal, is unstable

miscible

(of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together.

immiscibe

not forming a homogeneous mixture

electrolyte

conducts electricity

nonelectrolyte

have no ions

dissociation

when the solute breaks apart

hydration

when the water molecules surround the solute

molarity

number of moles of dissolved solute per liter of solution

colligative property

properties that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not upon the identity of the solute.

colloid

a mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance

suspension

a heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid or gas, but they don't dissolve.

alloy

a substance made by combining two or more metals, or a metal and a non

enthalpy

the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.

entropy

a measure of disorder or randomness in a system

endothermic

absorbs heat

exothermic

releases heat energy

temperature

how hot or cold something is

heat

the transfer of thermal energy

potential energy

energy that is stored and held in readiness

kinetic energy

the energy an object has due to its motion

nonpolar covalent

lowest boiling point (molar mass)

polar covalent

medium boiling point

metallic

high boiling point

ionic

second highest boiling point (charges)

network covalent

highest boiling point