Music, Physical Education, and Personal Health Review

A collection of vocabulary terms covering musical notation and duration, the definitions and benefits of physical exercise, and common health concerns including skeletal disorders and BMI ranges.

Note

A musical sound that represents a sound; different notes are worth different amounts of beats.

Duration

How long the note or rest lasts.

Rests

Silent beats that still count as beats in a measure; when visible, you remain silent for the specified number of beats.

Whole note

A note that receives $4$ beats and uses the Kodaly counting syllable Ta-a-a.

Half note

A note that receives $2$ beats and uses the Kodaly counting syllable Ta-a.

Quarter note

A note that receives $1$ beat and uses the Kodaly counting syllable Ta.

Eighth note

A note that receives $\frac{1}{2}$ beat; two eighth notes use the Kodaly syllable Ti-ti (tee).

Sixteenth note

A note that receives $\frac{1}{4}$ beat; a group uses the Kodaly syllable Ti-ke ti-ke.

Dotted Note or Rest

Means that the note or rest is to receive more than its original number of beats.

Physical activity

The movement that is carried out by the muscles that requires energy.

Exercise

Planned, structured, repetitive, and intentional movement intended to improve or maintain physical fitness.

Types of physical activity

Physical activity is broken down into four different types: aerobic, strength (anaerobic), balance, and flexibility.

The push-up

Identified as the best exercise for the chest.

The squat

Identified as the best exercise for glutes.

The bicycle maneuver

Identified as the best exercise for abs.

Pull-up

Identified as the best exercise for the back.

Swiss ball hamstring curl

Identified as the best exercise for hamstrings.

Triceps dips

Identified as the best exercise for upper arms.

The lunge

Identified as the best exercise for thighs.

The side bridge

Identified as the best exercise for the waist.

Physical exercise

The performance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health.

Deconditioned

The state that occurs if you do less exercise, leading to weakened muscles, loss of bulk, and increased breathlessness.

Stunted Growth

The lack of height for a child's age as a result of improper nutrition, recurrence of illness, and environmental conditions.

Underweight

Having less body fat than what is optimally healthy; indicated by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of $<18.5$.

Overweight

Having more body fat than what is optimally healthy; indicated by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of $25-29.9$.

Obese

When a person weighs much more than the healthy range for their age, gender, and height; indicated by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of $30-34.9$.

Extremely Obese

Indicated by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of $35<$.

Impacted cerumen

Earwax that builds up in the ear and blocks the ear canal, potentially causing temporary hearing loss and pain.

Swimmer's ear

An infection of the ear canal caused by many types of bacteria and fungi.

Astigmatism

A condition that causes blurred vision; it occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped or because of the curvature of the lens inside the eye.

Myopia

A refractive error where the eye does not bend or refract light properly to a single focus to see images clearly.

Dandruff

A condition of the scalp that causes flakes of skin to appear and is often accompanied by itching.

Ingrown toenail

Occurs when the edges or corners of the toenails grow into the skin next to the nail.

Scoliosis

A sideways curvature of the spine.

Lordosis

An excessive inward curve of the spine.

Kyphosis

An exaggerated forward rounding of the back.

Cavities

A hole that forms in your teeth.

Halitosis

Bad breath.