Exam 1 NEW Things to Know

Positive Monatomic Ion

Cation

Negative Monatomic Ion

Anion

H+

Hydrogen ion

Li+

Lithium ion

Na+

Sodium ion

K+

Potassium ion

Cs+

Cesium iom

Be2+

Beryllium ion

Mg2+

Magnesium ion

Ca2+

Calcium ion

Ba2+

Barium ion

Al3+

Aluminum ion

Ag+

Silver ion

H-

Hydride

F-

Fluoride

Cl-

Chloride

Br-

Bromide

I-

Iodide

S2-

Sulfide

N3-

Nitride

P3-

Phosphide

Ba

Barium

Fe

Iron

Cu

Copper

Ag

Silver

Au

Gold

Zn

Zinc

Hg

Mercury

Pb

Lead

Br

Bromine

Kr

Krypton

I

Iodine

Xe

Xenon

Periodic table group 1

Alkali metals

Periodic table group 2

Alkaline earth metals

Periodic table group 8

Noble gases (inert gases)

Periodic table group 7

Halogens

Nonlustrous, brittle, semiconductors, between metal and nonmetal

Metalloid

Lustrous, malleable, ductile, heat conductors, electric conductors

Metal

Metals in the middle of the table

Transition metals

Right of the metalloids on the peridoic table

Nonmetals

Hg₂²⁺

Merucry(I)

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

NO₂⁻

Nitrite

NO₃⁻

Nitrate

SO₃²⁻

Sulfite

SO₄²⁻

Sulfate

HSO₄⁻

Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

CN⁻

Cyanide

PO₄³⁻

Phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

Hydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

Dihydrogen phosphate

NCS⁻

Thiocyanate

CO₃²⁻

Carbonate

HCO₃⁻

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

ClO⁻

Hypochlorite

ClO₂⁻

Chlorite

ClO₃⁻

Chlorate

ClO₄⁻

Perchlorate

C₂H₃O₂⁻

Acetate

O₂²⁻

Peroxide

C₂O₄²⁻

Oxalate

CrO₄²⁻

Chromate

Diatomic elements

Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2

Molecular elements

P4, S8

Elements that exist as multiple covalently bonded molecules made up of the same type of atom

Molecular elements

Alpha particles

He nuclei

Beta particles

Electrons

Gamma particles

High frequency photons

Sn (selenium) possible ions

+2,+4

Pb (lead) possible ions

+2,+4

Cu (copper) possible ions

+,2+

Zn (zinc) ion

2+

Ag (silver) ion

+

Hg (Mercury) ion (not polyatomic)

2+

Co (cobalt) possible ions

2+,3+

Fe (iron) possible ions

2+,3+

Mn (Manganese) ion

2+

Cr (chromium) possible ions

2+,3+

Form monatomic ions with single negative charge

Halogens

Form monatomic ions with single positive charge

Alkali metals

Form monatomic ions with double positive charge

Alkaline earth metals

Compounds between metals and nonmetals (extended arrays, described by empirical formula, involves metallic cations/polyatomic cations, sometimes involves polyatomics that are internally covalently bonded)

Ionic compounds

Compounds between non-metals and non-metals (usually molecular, nuclei share electrons)

Covalent compounds

The number of things in a mole (Avogadro’s number) (also # of amu in 1 g)

6.02214 × 10²³

Conversion factor between one mole of something and it’s mass in gram (x amu=x g in one mole)

Molar mass