ap psych - social psych

milgram experiment

asch experiment

festinger experiment

latane and darley experiment

sherif experiment

rosenthal and jacobsen

zimbardo

triplett experiment

Attribution theory

 area of study within the field of social cognition. Attribution theory tries to explain how people determine the cause of what they observe.

attitude formation and change

• attitude is a set of beliefs and feelings.

• We have attitudes about many different aspects of our environment such as groups of people, particular events, and places.

• Attitudes are evaluative, meaning that our feelings toward such things are necessarily positive or negative.

foot-in-the-door technique

a social psychology tactic where a small request is made first, and then a larger request follows

door-in-the-face technique

a persuasion tactic where a large, unreasonable request is initially made, and when it's rejected, a smaller, more reasonable request is presented, which is what the requestor truly desired from the start. This technique leverages the principle of contrast, making the smaller request seem more appealing in comparison to the initial unreasonable one. 

norms of reciprocity

individuals tend to return favors and kindness, or retaliate against hostility

Self-fulfilling prophecy

People often have certain ideas or prejudices about other people before they even meet them. These preconceived ideas can obviously affect the way someone acts toward another person. Even more interesting is the idea that the expectations we have of others can influence the way those others behave.

False-consensus effect

tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them is called the false-consensus effect.

Self-serving bias

tendency to take more credit for good outcomes than for bad ones

tendency to overstate one’s role in a positive venture and underestimate it in a failure.

Mere exposure effect

the more one is exposed to something, the more one will come to like it.

Social influence theory

idea that how people feel and act is affected by the other people around them.

Social facilitation

phenomenon whereby the presence of others improves task performance.

Conformity

Conformity is the tendency of people to go along with the views or actions of others. People conform to the behavior of groups for two reasons.

• Normative social influence is when people conform for social reasons—to belong to the group.

• informational social influence leads to conformity because people think the group knows best.

Social loafing

phenomenon when individuals do not put in as much effort when acting as part of a group as they do when acting alone.

Group polarization

tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the group members would make individually.

Groupthink

• tendency for some groups to make bad decisions.

• occurs when group members suppress their reservations about the ideas supported by the group.

• As a result, a kind of false unanimity is encouraged, and flaws in the group’s decisions may be overlooked.