Unit one: mapping skills/5 themes of geography and Unit two: population and migration

Qualitative maps

Uses colours, dots, symbols, and lines to show patterns or a specific idea/place

Cartograms

Shows information using a set of data besides land area

Flow line maps

Shows the movement of people, products, ideas, animals, and more through arrows

Absolute location

the exact place on earth where a geographical feature is, uses coordinates

relative location

describes how a place is based on surrounding things (near the park)

formal region

somewhere with limited related characteristics (USA)

functional region

organized around interactions/connections between places (city + suburbs), infrastructure

perceptual region

when the people of a region see it in the same way

human environment interactions

how people change the environment

movement

the way things go from one place to another

demography

the study of population through analyzing trends

TTR (total fertility rate)

the average number of kids a woman can have

IMR (infant mortality rate)

annual amount of infant deaths under age 1

life expectancy

how long someone will live

dependency ratio

the number of people who are too young or too old to work depending on the people who aren’t.

population pyramids

shows the gender/age distribution of a population

purpose

the process of change in a population

factors

birth rate, death rate, RNI, fertility rate

demographic transition model

stage one - high birth rate, high death rate, low RNI

stage two - high birth rate, declining death rates, high RNI

stage three - declining birth rates, declining death rates, moderate RNI

stage four - low birth rate, low death rates, no RNI, higher total population

Internal migration

a permanent move within the same country

External migration

a permanent move from one country to another

urbanisation

moving to cities

suburbanisation

the outer edges of town

anti-urbanisation

searching for a quieter place, sometimes in the country. usually for retirement

refugees

people who leave their countries because they face persecution, can be due to politics, religion, ethical reasons, and environmental factors.

IDP

people who are stuck in their origin country, possibly in a camp

Voluntary migration

leaving their country by choice

forced migration

people who are forced to leave, it creates refugees

circular migration

people who are always moving around, maybe due to temporarily working in one country before moving to the next.

Obstacles of migration

physical barriers, cultural issues, time, distance, money, immigration policies

push factors

things that cause people to leave their country

pull factors

things that attract people to the country

population density

the number of people occupying a plot of land

density

the frequency with which something is distributed in space

arithmetic

total number of people divided by total land area

physiological

the number of people supported by a unit of arable land

agricultural

ratio of farmers to arable land

concentration of population distribution

how a feature is spread over the space

clustured

tight

dispersed

spread out

tern

how something being studied is arranged in the area

ecumene

the portion of earth with permanent settlement, has expanded over time to cover most of the world’s land area

the three waves of us migration

17th/18th centuries - mainly from England and Africa

mid 19th/early 20th centuries - 95% came from Europe

late 20th/early 21st - Latin America and Asia

NIR (natural increase rate)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

CBR (crude birth rate)

the number of live births in a year per 1000 people

CDR (crude death rate)

total number of deaths per 1000 people in a year

Linear distance

How far across the earth a person, idea, or object travels

time distance

how long it takes for something to travel

psychological distance

the way humans view distance