Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Arab Heartlands, and Qing China (1750-1900)

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to the crisis faced by major civilizations, focusing on the Ottoman Empire and Qing China between 1750 and 1900.

Qing Dynasty

Final imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912.

Tanzimat Reforms

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire from 1839 to 1876 aimed at modernization and Westernization.

Opium War

Conflicts between China and Britain (1839-1842) over the opium trade, resulting in China's defeat.

Young Turks

A revolutionary party that aimed to reform the Ottoman Empire and restore the 1876 constitution.

Suez Canal

A man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas, vital for international trade.

Taiping Rebellion

A massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864 led by Hong Xiuquan, claiming to be the brother of Jesus.

Mamluks

Former rulers of Egypt defeated by Napoleon in 1798.

Janissaries

Elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and bodyguards.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign uprising in China (1899-1901) aimed at expelling foreign influence.

Muhammad Ali

Ottoman governor who modernized Egypt and established a dynasty from 1805 to 1848.