Level 1 Acids and Bases

Rate of Reaction

Number of successful collisions per unit of time

Particle theory

All particles have Kinetic Energy

Collision Theory

In order for a reaction to occur particles must collide with sufficient energy and in the right orientation to create a successful collision.

The affect of temperature on rate of Reaction?

It increases the amount of kinetic energy particles have. Now they move faster it results in more collisions per unit of time.

The affect of Concentration of Rate on Reaction?

It Increases the amount of recant particles in the same volume. The particles must travel less in order to react.

The affect of surface area on rate of Reaction?

It Increases the amount of exposed particles for successful collisions.

The affect of catalysts on rate of reaction?

It increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required for bonds to start forming and breaking. Therefore more of the collisions will be successful collisions. Note it will NOT be used up in a reaction.

How do you measure rates of reaction?

Mass Decreasing
Total Mass Decreasing (if gas is produced and it escapes)
Volume of Gas (Syringe)

Rate of reaction can be increased by:

Increasing the concentration, temperature, surface area or by adding a catalyst.

Atomic Number is:

Number of protons

Mass Number Is:

Number of protons plus neutrons. The bigger number is the mass number.

On the periodic table Groups are

The columns and the number of valence electrons

Periods are:

The rows and the number of full electron shells

What is an Ion?

An atom that has lost or gained electrons in order to have a full valance electron shell to become stable.

Which group doesn't form Ions

18

What types of ions are ionic Compounds formed between

Positive Metal Ions and Negative Non-Metals

When can you use brackets?

When there is more than one ploy-atomic ion involved

What is an ionic bond?

An attraction between positive and negative ions that are formed when electrons are transferred between atoms as ions form. There must be an even amount of electrons.

Acids have an excess of which ion?

H+ Hydrogen

Bases have excess of which ion?

OH- Hydroxide

Neutral has which types of ions

An equal amount of both H+ ions and OH- ions

What is produced when an acid and a base react?

Salts + Water

A reaction that makes a salt is a

Neutralisation

Acid + Base

Salt + Water

Acid + Metal

Salt + Hydrogen

Acid + Metal Oxide

Salt + Water

Acid + Metal Hydroxide

Salt + Water

Acid + Carbonate

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Acid + Hydrogen Carbinate

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

All oxides, hydroxides and carbonates behave like what in reactions?

Bases

How do you test for Hydrogen (h2)

Pop test. Gas will make a pop sound near flame.

How do you test for Oxygen (O2)

Will relight glowing splint.

How do you test for Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Bubble through limewater which will turn cloudy if CO2 is present.

In
Acid + Metal
Acid + Carbonate
Acid + Hydrogen Carbonate
What will you observe?

Bubbling because Gas is being made.

Even though rate of reaction speeds up, what doesn't change?

The amount of product produced.

How do you know reaction is over?

No more product is being made. And One or more of the reactants have been used up. No more collisions.

What do Oh- and H+ ions make?

H2O

What type of ions attract?

Positive and negative.

What colour and PH is a strong acid?

Deep Red, PH of 1

What colour and PH is a moderate acid

Yellow, PH of 3

What colour and PH is a neutral solution?

Green, PH of 7

What colour and PH is a moderate base?

Dark blue, PH of 10

What colour and PH is a strong base?

Deep purple, PH of 14

What colour does blue litmus paper turn in acids and bases?

Red in acid, blue in a base.

What colour does red litmus paper turn in acids and bases?

Red is acid, Blue in Base

What colour is litmus paper in a neutral solution?

Dose not change

What is Activation energy?

The minimum amount of energy an atom needs to react

Alkali metals

Group one elements of the periodic table. they all react violently with water, include H (hydrogen) Li (lithium) Na (sodium) K (potassium). Will Dissolve in water

Isotope

Different atoms of the same element, they have the same atomic number, but a different mass number.

Neutralisation reaction

A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has a pH equal to 7.