The Sun and the Moon - Unit 10 - Earth Space II

4.6 billion years

What is the age of the moon?

Doerfels near South Pole

What are the largest highlands on the moon?

Its far side is on the outside of Earth's protection from meteorites in space

Why does the far side of the moon have more craters than the near side?

The moon's revolution around Earth and the Moon’s rotation are both 27 1/3 days

Why do we always see the same side of the moon?

5* angle

Plane of moon's orbit is at a ___________ to the orbit of the Earth

Waxing Crescent

What is the Moon's phase at 3 days?

Waning Gibbous

What is the Moon's phase at 17 days?

New Moon

Totally dark (moon is between Earth and Sun)

First Quarter

Some people call this half moon, but really only see half of half of the moon

Spring tides

very high tides caused when Moon and Sun pull together on Earth. Occurs at New Moon and Full Moon

Eclipses

Shadows in space

Solar eclipse

When the moon is directly between the Sun and the Earth

Lighted or false shadow of eclipse

What is penumbra?

Partial solar eclipse

Only part of the sun is blocked out; reduction of light

1 million

How many Earths would fit inside the Sun?

Coal, oil, and natural gas

What are some examples of fuels?

11,000* F

What is the surface temperature of the Sun?

225 million years

How long does it take the Sun to complete one revolution?

Prominences

Flaming streamers of hot gas ejected from Sun's surface

Spicules

similar to prominences but much smaller

Solar halo

When Sun's or moon's light bent by moisture to form a ring

Apogee

Farthest point from Earth = 250,000 miles

180* F

What is the temperature of a lunar noon?

Earth's oceans

Moon's gravitational pull causes tides on _________________

True

True or false? Solar eclipses only last a maximum of 7.5 minutes

8-8.5 light minutes

How far away are we from the Sun?

Light and Heat

What two things do we DIRECTLY depend on from the Sun?

False, close

True or false? The reason the Sun is so big and bright is because it is so far

Food and Fuels

What are we indirectly dependent on Sun for?

Food

Made by plants through photosynthesis

Fuel

Formed from past and present animal material

27 million *F

What is the estimated core temperature?

1. Rotation
2. Revolution

What are the two motions of the Sun?

Rotation

Spins on its axis

Revolution

One complete trip around the Milky Way galaxy

25 days

How many days does it take for the Sun to rotate at its equator?

34 days

How many days does it take for the Sun to rotate at its poles?

Photosphere

Bright visible disk of the Sun (yellow color we see)

Photosphere

What is another term for light-sphere?

Chromosphere

What is another term for color-sphere?

Chromosphere

The inner atmosphere of Sun around photosphere. Appears red when total eclipse occurs. Only appears during eclipse.

Corona

The sun's outer atmosphere around the chromosphere "white halo" or crown. Can only be seen during a total eclipse.

Sunspots

Dark patches on the surface of the Sun "refrigerators of the Sun" around 7200 F.

11

The number of sunspots changes from year to year, but can be predicted according to an ___ year cycle

Solar flares and solar storms

What are sunspots related to?

True

True or false? Solar storms can release radiation

Aurora Borealis

Sunspots and their storms disrupt radio and TV communication. They also create _____________ (northern lights)

Aurora

shifting bands of light in the atmosphere of polar regions of Earth

5 billion years old

What is the estimated age of the sun?

- continue to shine for another 5 billion yrs (yellow star)
- Fuel expires = swells into a red giant as large as Mars Orbit
- Collapses into white dwarf and cools until death

Explain the Sun's expected life.

Red flash

Last rays of Sun are bent and turn red for 2 seconds as it sets

Green flash

When sun rises/sets there is a flash of green light

Moon

Natural spherical satellite that revolves around Earth

True

True or false? The moon is the only heavenly body to be visited by humans

True

True or false? Some civilizations base their calendars off the moon

1/4

Size of the moon is about _ the diameter of the Earth (2160 miles)

Earth's

The Moon's mass is 1/50 of the ________

Elliptical

The moon has an ____________ orbit around Earth

True

True or false? The moon always keeps same side facing towards us

Perigee

Closest point to Earth = 221,000 miles

238,000 miles

Average distance from moon to Earth is about _________

-250*F

What is the temperature of a Lunar midnight?

1/6

Moon has ________ gravity of Earth

30 lbs

180 lbs on Earth = how many pounds on moon?

Thin

The moon's atmosphere is very ________

The moon’s gravitational pull is too weak to hold it

Why is the moon's atmosphere so thin?

Moon

The ______ has no sound except from the light of Sun and Earth

Air, water

There is no life on Moon and there is also no _____ and ________

selenology

study of the moon and its origin

1. Offspring of the Earth

2. Captured satellite by Earth's gravity

3. "Sister planet" of Earth formed from the same nebula as Earth during solar system formation.

4. Earth is too small to have formed with a moon so large. Resulted from Theia and semi-molten Earth. Ejected debris was thrown into orbit around Earth and became the Moon

List the four possible origins of the moon

1. Hot magma cooled to form rocky crust over entire surface
2. Bombardment by meteoroids forming depressions
3. Lava flows from cracks forming smooth areas

What are the stages of the moon's development?

highlands

rough, light-colored areas made of craters and mountains on the moon's surface

craters

deep, bowl-like depressions caused by meteorite impacts

False, scientists and astronomers

True or false? Famous craters are named after rock stars

Tycho, Kepler, and Copernicus

What are some examples of famous scientists that have craters named after them?

maria

smooth, dark plains caused by past lava flows

He thought they were oceans on the moon

Why did Galileo call maria seas?

basalt-like

Rock samples from the maria have shown a _____________ composition

Rays

light-colored streaks from some of the craters

Regolith

lunar soil

rilles

long cracks running through the maria

east, west

As the Earth rotates, moon rises in the ______ and sets in the _____ (50 minutes later each day).

phases

when the moon revolves around earth, its lighted part changes shape

False, half

True or false? All of the moon is lit by the Sun in space

29 1/2

It takes the moon ______ days to go through all its phases (new moon - full moon - new moon)

It takes our moon 2 days to catch up to Earth as it orbits the Sun

Why is the amount of days for phases not 27 1/3?

New Moon

What is the Moon's phase at 0 days?

First Quarter

What is the Moon's phase at 7 days?

Waxing Gibbous

What is the Moon's phase at 10 days?

Full Moon

What is the Moon's phase at 14 days?

Third or Last Quarter

What is the Moon's phase at 21 days?

Waning Crescent

What is the Moon's phase at 25 days?

New Moon

What is the Moon's phase at 29.5 days?

Waxing Crescent

A sliver of light

Waxing Gibbous

3/4 of surface lit up

Full Moon

We call it full, but only half is lit up

Waning Gibbous Phase

Decreasing 3/4 lit up

Third or last quarter

1/2 of visible surface lit up

Waning crescent

"Old moon in the new moon's arms"

During half moon or gibbous phase

When is the best time to view the moon?