Geography- transport

Density of a transport network

The extent of routes and nodes within a city; higher density shortens travel time and improves mobility across the urban area.

Five indicators of transport infrastructure quality

Coverage, capacity, frequency, convenience, and environmental sustainability.

Common locations for transport nodes in a city

Strategic and accessible areas such as the city centre, residential areas, commercial areas, and industrial hubs.

Four main reasons transport systems are established in cities

To enable the movement of people, facilitate the transport of goods and services, connect different transport nodes, and link the city to external regions or countries.

Environmental consequences of transport infrastructure development

Depletion of green spaces, destruction of natural habitats, forced displacement of wildlife into urban environments, and loss of biodiversity.

Negative effects of traffic congestion on city residents

Extended travel times, commuting delays, heightened stress levels, and decreased economic productivity.

Road pricing (e.g., ERP)

A traffic policy that charges motorists a premium to use specific high-demand roads, aimed at reducing congestion during peak hours.

Integrated land use and transport planning

Designing residential, commercial, and recreational areas close to transport hubs to minimize long-distance commutes and encourage walking or cycling.

Green Man+ scheme

A system offering extended pedestrian crossing times at traffic junctions for elderly individuals and persons with disabilities.

Environmental and economic trade-offs of Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Benefits include lower direct carbon emissions and reduced noise pollution, while drawbacks include higher upfront purchasing costs relative to conventional combustion vehicles.