Urban futures - Dharavi, Mumbai

Regional importance of Mumbai

* 40% of Maharashtra state’s income
* Provides employment opportunities
* Over 3 million commute to Mumbai each day for work

National importance of Mumbai

* Account for 6% of Indias GDP
* Financial capital of India - home to Mumbai Stock exchange (Indias leading stocks and shares market)
* Mumbai port is main port on Arabian Sea - 60% of all Indias sea trade
* Mumbai is a transport hub with transport links to all of the major industries in India
* Mumbai handles most of the countries international flights + large portion of domestic

International importance of Mumbai

* Large number of international companies have branches in Mumbai - Bank of America, Volkswagen, Disney
* Mumbai is home to Indias film industry (Bollywood)
* Largest film market in the world in terms of both films released (1000 per year) and tickets sold (3 billion each year)
* Mumbai is popular with international tourists
* $3.3 billion from visitors who stayed overnight in the city in 2015

Characteristics of national migration in Mumbai

* 43% of Mumbais population are migrants
* Increase population of 13 million since 1970

Characteristics of international migration in Mumbai

* TNCs invest in Mumbai
* Leads to migration of

How is migration changing the city

* 16 major languages spoken
* Migration feeds inequality
* 20 million in the city
* 1 million in Dharavi slum

Contemporary challenges

* Squatter settlements
* Dharavi - Indias largest slum - 1 million
* 85 illegally constructed neighbourhoods
* Housing quality varies - some make shift that destroyed by rain - some more established + built well

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* Informal sector jobs
* 85% of Dharavi work locally
* Dharavi has GDP of $1 billion
* 15,000 1 room factories
* cheap labour - £1 a day dangerous work
* Children working in dangerous conditions

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* Health
* 4000 cases a day of disease caused by lack of sanitation (diphtheria + typhoid)
* Access to clean water is restricted
* Water born disease very common
* Open defecation is very common
* life expectancy = 39 (whole state = 73)

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* Waste disposal
* public latrines - 500 share one toilet
* open sewers
* improvised water pipes
* if they crack raw sewage leaks into drinking water
* children play among sewage waste

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(ways of life) Culture in Mumbai

* Cultural melting due to high migration rate
* Migrants bring their culture + architecture + traditions
* Bollywood produces > 1000 films a year
* 16 major languages spoken
* Many religions \~6 major

(ways of life) Housing in Mumbai

* Varies drastically
* 27 story building home to one family (worth 2 billion)
* Also home to largest slum (Dharavi - 1 sq mile - 1 million)

(ways of life) Leisure in Mumbai

* Lots to offer to disposable income
* Juhu beach (visited by thousands each day)
* Privately owned golf course
* Bollywood studios

(ways of life) Consumption in Mumbai

* Fastest growing economy in the world
* 7.5% GDP growth 2015
* 6.9% China
* 4.5% UK

Evaluate sustainability in Dharavi

* 80% of plastic is recycled
* 40% in UK

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* Children + others sift through rubbish in extremely hot + dangerous conditions
* Handle toxic waste + substances (paint fumes)
* Very low wage (£1 per day)