History

Why were books burnt and scholars executed in 213BCE?

An educated man suggested Qin Shi introduce older books and ideologies, implying older ways were better

How much tax did the emperor demand from farmers?

20%

How much percentage of crops did landless farmers give landowners?

30%

What did peasant homes look like?

1-2 roomed houses made of timber and mud, tiled roof, dirt floor, few furniture

What does "Middle Kingdom" mean?

A place that is the centre of civilisation

What did Confucius believe caused evil people?

Poor upbringing; education creates worthy people and justice

How did peasants pay tax to the government?

With crops

Who founded Buddhism?

Prince Gautama

Name activities associated with Daoism.

Meditation, kung fu, tai chi

Why was the Terracotta Army built?

Qin Shi believed it would protect and accompany him in the afterlife and guard his tomb

What percentage of the population were farmers?

90%

What are the dynasties of China in chronological order?

Xia, Shang, Zhou, Warring States, Qin, Han

What is Pre-Imperial China?

A period with no emperor, smaller kingdoms, not unified

What did the wealthy eat at banquets?

Turtle, deer, dog, ox, pig, owl, panther

Why did Qin Shi Huangdi build the Terracotta Army?

He believed he needed an army with him in the afterlife

In Historical PETAL, what does "Elaboration" mean?

Elaborate on your point with background information to strengthen your response

Who was Empress Wu?

The only woman who did not conform to social expectations and became empress

What did the Shang Dynasty use to ask the gods for advice?

Oracle bones (animal bones)

What was the jade burial suit used for?

Placed on a corpse because citizens believed it had magical properties stopping the body from decaying

What does the NESA verb "Compare" ask you to do?

Show how things are similar or different

Who could wear yellow and dragon/moon symbols?

Only the emperor

What is Imperial China?

China unified under one Emperor - Qin Shi

What could peasants not afford to eat?

Meat

Where is Qin Shi Huangdi's burial site located?

Near Mount Li, next to Xianyang

What capital city did Qin Shi Huangdi establish, and when?

Xianyang, in 220BCE

Why are oracle bones important to historians?

They contain the earliest Chinese writing and give info about daily life, farming, hunting, religion and warfare

In Historical PETAL, what does "Link" mean?

Conclude your paragraph with a linking statement

Who built the Dujiangyan irrigation system, and when?

Li Bing, c.256BCE

How many periods of drought, famine and floods occurred during the Han dynasty?

20

In source analysis, what does "Purpose/Motive" refer to?

What the source intends to do, e.g. inform or persuade

When did Qin Shi Huangdi start organising his mausoleum?

246BCE, before he became emperor

What are the two long rivers in China?

Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangtze

What does the NESA verb "Explain" ask you to do?

Talk about cause and effect - provide how and why

What does CE stand for and how is it counted?

Common Era, counted forwards

What did the 3 officials in each area control?

One controlled the army, one organised tax/law, one ensured everything was ok

What is the Silk Road?

A trading route where merchants traded silk within China and other countries

Name three natural boundaries surrounding China.

Gobi Desert, Himalayas, Pacific Ocean

What does the NESA verb "Identify" ask you to do?

Name the features

Name a reason a source might be considered reliable.

The creator was present at the event, is highly educated and corroborates other sources, has been fact-checked, or was created to inform

Between 400BCE and 300BCE, which date is oldest?

400BCE

Name a reason a source might be considered unreliable.

The creator wasn't present, isn't educated on the subject, uses biased language, or created the source to entertain

Why can't archaeologists excavate Qin Shi Huangdi's tomb?

It contains high levels of mercury and is too dangerous upon exposure

In Historical PETAL, what does "Point" mean?

Address the question, introduce what your paragraph is about

How did Li Bing's levee divide the river?

Into two channels - one for irrigation, one to control excess water

How many areas did Qin Shi Huangdi divide China into?

36 areas

What were the "four great inventions" of China?

The compass, paper, printing, gunpowder

How did Qin Shi Huangdi die?

While looking for an elixir that would make him immortal

What materials could nobles legally wear?

Silk and jewellery made of jade and gold

Name the three main influential belief systems in ancient China.

Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism

What is another name for the Huang He?

The Yellow River, also called the Sorrow River

Who were the Nong?

Farmers; they worked hard and were respected

How many terracotta warriors were discovered, and how many depicted generals?

7400 warriors, 68 depicting generals

Name the four things Qin Shi Huangdi standardised.

Common coinage, one system of weights and measurements, same laws and punishments, one script of writing

What was the goal of the Dujiangyan irrigation system?

To control the spring flooding of the Min River

How did Buddhism reach China?

Travellers were exposed to different cultures along the Silk Road

Name two effects of the Great Wall of China.

Helped protect land and people, helped guard trade routes like the Silk Road

Name a feature of Imperial Chinese architecture.

Emphasis on horizontal, long, low buildings with curved roofs supported by columns, and use of symmetry

Why were the mausoleum's workers buried alive?

To keep the mausoleum a secret

What does the NESA verb "Evaluate" ask you to do?

Make a judgement with reasoning - to what extent?

What did Sunzi emphasise?

Responding quickly and effectively to take advantage of new conditions

What characterised the Warring States period?

A time of chaos and constant war; 150 states fighting, narrowed to 7 major ones

What features did wealthy Chinese homes have?

Big homes with open courtyards, gardens with bamboo/flowers/lily ponds/bridges, high walls and watchtowers

What did Chinese inventors first make paper from?

Silk, and later wood pulp

What is The Art of War, and who wrote it?

A military tactics book written by Sunzi

What happened after Qin Shi Huangdi died?

His advisor hid his death and faked a document announcing Qin Shi's son as his successor

What happened in 213BCE regarding books and scholars?

Books were burnt and scholars were executed

Who were the Shang/Shong?

Merchants and traders; wealthy but not valued by society as they were seen as selfish

What happens to people until they reach Nirvana in Buddhism?

They are reincarnated

In source analysis, what does "Type" refer to?

Whether the source is primary or secondary, written, image, etc.

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

A concept that determines the emperor's right to rule and keep natural order, appointed by the gods

What is cavalry?

Soldiers fighting on horseback

In Historical PETAL, what does "Textual Evidence" mean?

Introduce your source and its origin

How and when did Buddhism spread to China?

Through the Silk Road during the 1st Century

What did Confucius teach about women?

That women were inferior to men, making families prefer male children

What desperate measures did peasants take to survive during disasters?

Killed their babies, sold children to slavery, resorted to cannibalism

What were Qin Shi Huangdi's two main building projects?

The Great Wall of China and the Terracotta Army

What changed under Gaozu's rule in the Han Dynasty?

Tax was reduced, armies disbanded, laws relaxed

What was the Dragon Backbone Machine, and when was it invented?

An irrigation machine invented c.100CE, used to transport water to flooded rice terraces

What does Daoism teach?

People need to live simply and in harmony with nature to balance their world

In what year did Qin Shi Huangdi become emperor?

221BCE

Who created Confucianism, and what is his book called?

Confucius; the 'Analects'

What did peasants' clothes get made from?

Plant fibres like grass and nettles

What did peasants do in each season?

Spring: ploughing, Summer: caring for crops, Autumn: harvesting, Winter: repairing tools

What does BCE stand for and how is it counted?

Before Common Era, counted backwards

What was foot binding?

A practice women followed to make their feet smaller and improve social status

What should a reliability judgement include?

Use Type, Origin, Purpose, Audience to justify reasoning, plus a judgement (extremely, very, somewhat, not very reliable)

In source analysis, what does "Origin" refer to?

Who, when and where the source was created

Who were the Shi in ancient Chinese society?

A wealthy group educated young in hopes of becoming officials

What happened to people who opposed vs obeyed Qin Shi Huangdi?

Punished for opposing, rewarded for obeying

Name three signs an emperor has lost the Mandate of Heaven.

Uprising, natural disasters (drought/floods), invasion

When did Confucianism become the official belief system of the government?

134BCE

What government system did Qin Shi Huangdi establish?

Legalism - a system that does not tolerate opposition

Why was the Great Wall of China built?

To protect China from northern invaders

What does "Buddha" mean?

The enlightened one

What do Yin and Yang symbolise?

Two forces that symbolise harmony and balance

What was Qin Shi Huangdi's original name?

Ying Zheng

Who created Daoism?

Lao Tze

What structures did Chinese rulers use along the Great Wall to control crossings?

Forts, gates and watchtowers

How big was Qin Shi Huangdi's mausoleum?

Around 56km squared

What does the NESA verb "Describe" ask you to do?

Provide the characteristics or features