Unit 2 BB quiz

Proteins escape from the vascular bed and produce edema through a loss of capillary oncotic pressure and a gain in interstitial fluid proteins. It is usually associated with inflammation, burns, crush injuries, etc. This is a definition of _____ .

increased capillary permeability

What is a critical element to diagnose burns?

Assessment of extent and depth of the injury

A lower pH value indicates a higher concentration of __ ____and a more _____ solution, whereas a higher pH value represents a _______concentration of ___ ____ and a more alkaline solution. Select the correct answers and in the correct order to complete the blanks.

H+ ions; acidic; lower; H+ ions

Which condition is a primary stimulus for the creation of new red blood cells?

Hypoxia

A patient's blood pH dropped below 7.35, how do the lungs compensate to correct the pH?

Respiratory rate and depth increases

Which process results in hemostasis due to trauma to a blood vessel associated with tissue injury?

Extrinsic Pathway

When the pH in the blood drops below 7.35 hydrogen ions will ________ the cell while potassium molecules ______ the cell.

enter; exit

Cellular metabolism of fats and carbohydrates produces large quantities of ____ which combines with _____ in the bloodstream, forming the volatile acid, carbonic acid _______. Select the correct order of answers for the blanks.

CO2; H2O; H2CO3

Clients need adequate protein to promote wound healing.

True

Your patient has been having severe diarrhea. He is experiencing the following signs and symptoms: Muscle weakness and cramping, fatigue, and decreased tendon reflexes. You have been watching the cardiac monitor and he is having frequent dysrythmias. You expect the following from his lab results:

Potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L

What is a similarity of Non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

They both can impact B cells.

Acid

Any compound that donates hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.

CO2 or Carbon Dioxide

A volatile gas, combines with water, the volatile acid, carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Carbonic anhydrase

An enzyme present in large amounts in erythrocytes, helps to catalyze this reaction.

H2CO3

This molecule dissociates into CO2 and H2O, with the CO2 then being exhaled by the lungs.

Nonvolatile (or fixed) acids

These substances are not converted to CO2 but still influence the acidity of the surrounding enviroment..

A base

This compound accepts H+ ions in solution.

calcium

major cation for structure of bones and teeth

sodium

major cation in extracellular fluid important to normal neuronal function

chloride

helps to maintain the body's pH ,losses are associated with vomiting

magnesium

high levels can cause paralysis of nerves in obsterical patients

potassium

major cation in intracellular fluid important to cardiac functioning

Purulent exudate

This kind of exudate is consistent with more severe infections, and is commonly referred to as pus. Consists of plasma with both active and dead neutrophils, fibrinogen, and necrotic parenchymal cells

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Most common inflammatory mediators released by WBCs

Eschar

Dead tissue that sheds or falls off from healthy skin. Typically tan, brown, or black and often has a crusty top layer.

Tinea

A dermatophyte or fungus that causes superficial infections involving the skin, hair, or nails.

Major cation in intracellular spaces:

potassium

A client was admitted to the hospital with a high blood pH (also known as alkalosis). How will the client's body compensate when their blood pH rises above 7.45?

Hypoventilation causes retention of CO2, which increases H+ ion levels and decreases pH.

Most _________ compounds form from the metabolism of negatively charged amino acids. By using ________, the body counteracts potential pH changes brought on by these metabolic products.

Basic; buffers

A decubitus ulcer is most often caused by:

unrelieved pressure

Major anion in extracellular spaces:

sodium.

Which clinical manifestation is unique to iron-deficiency anemia?

Pica

Secretion of ADH and the perception of thirst are stimulated by:

an increase in plasma osmolality

Vitamin _____ is required for normal clotting factor synthesis by the _____.

K; liver

Dehydration may result in any of the following except:

high blood pressure.