Megan Huynh - Unit 2 Study Guide - Influence of Islam 2024

What adaptations did Arabs make living in the desert?

Nomads raised animals, moved to find water, used camels for transport, survived days without water, wore protective clothing, utilized animals for food, leather, and other resources.

What adaptations did Arabs make living in the mountains?

They made mud brick houses, farmed on terraces, constructed dams and irrigation systems, and grew fruits like melons and pomegranates.

What adaptations did Arabs make living in the oases?

People settled into towns, grew crops like dates and peaches, and developed near oases for a stable water source.

Define caravan.

Groups of merchants who travel together to trade.

What adaptations did Arabs make living in the coastal plains?

They grew crops such as grains, fruits, and vegetables due to the suitable farming land.

Define sedentary and nomadic lifestyles.

Sedentary: people who settle in towns; Nomadic: people who move from place to place.

What is a crossroads location?

A place where many geographic regions, civilizations, and trade roads connect.

What is the holy book of Islam?

The Quran.

Define monotheism and polytheism.

Monotheism: belief in one god; Polytheism: belief in more than one god.

What does Allah mean?

'The God' in Arabic.

Why did Muhammad’s teachings upset many Arabs?

They felt threatened as Muhammad asked them to stop worshipping their gods, threatening their financial interests from pilgrimages.

Define Kaaba.

The most holy shrine in Islam located in Mecca, used for pilgrimages before Muhammad's conquest of Mecca.

Define hegira and its significance.

Hegira is Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina due to threats against him.

Define mosque.

A building for Muslim prayer.

What is the first pillar of Islam?

Shahadah: ‘testimony of faith’; declaring belief in Allah and Muhammad.

What is the second pillar of Islam?

Salat: ‘prayer’; performed 5 times a day facing Mecca.

What is the third pillar of Islam?

Zakat: ‘purification’; donating 2.5% of salary to support charity and mosque.

What is the fourth pillar of Islam?

Sawm: ‘fasting’ during Ramadan; avoiding food and water during daylight.

What is the fifth pillar of Islam?

Hajj: ‘pilgrimage’ to Mecca, mandatory for able adults at least once.

Define pilgrimage.

To travel to a sacred place.

What is Shariah law?

Government and laws based on Islam and the Qur’an.

What did Muhammad do to the idols in the Kaaba after he conquered Mecca?

Muhammad destroyed the idols and rededicated the Kaaba to Allah.

Define caliph and caliphate.

Caliph: ‘successor’; highest leader of the Islamic Empire. Caliphate: the Islamic government.

Who were the first four caliphs?

1. Abu Bakr; 2. Umar; 3. Uthman; 4. Ali ibn Abi Talib.

What dynasty began after the first Islamic civil war?

The Umayyad dynasty.

What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

Sunni believe any worthy Muslim could be caliph; Shia believe caliphs must be related to Muhammad.

Which dynasty moved the capital to Baghdad?

The Abbasid Dynasty.

What is a site of encounter?

A location where different cultures meet to exchange trade products, technologies, and ideas.

What landform covers most of the Arabian peninsula?

Desert.

What achievement in math is associated with Islamic culture?

Algebra.

What advancement in medicine did the Islamic Empire contribute?

Hospitals.