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Cultural landscape
The visible human imprint on the natural environment.
Absolute location
The exact coordinates of something on the earth’s surface; does not change.
Relative location
The location of something relative to other things.
Sense of place
Infusing a place with meaning and emotion.
Spatial perspective
Looking at where things occur, why they occur, and how they are interrelated to each other.
Diffusion
The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another.
Globalization
A set of interrelated processes and activities that increase interdependence internationally.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children born to a woman of childbearing age.
Demographic transition model
A model that describes the stages a country goes through in terms of birth and death rates.
Centripetal forces
Forces that bring group(s) of people closer together.
Pidgin language
A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different languages.
Lingua franca
A language that is used most commonly in business and trade activities.
Assimilation
The process of absorbing one cultural group into a larger group.
Cultural appropriation
When one culture takes a trait or custom from another culture for its own benefit.
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s own ethnic group is superior to others.
Map projection
A method by which the three-dimensional surface of the Earth is represented on a two-dimensional plane.
Place name (toponym)
A name given to a place.
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The number of individuals under one year old who die per 1,000 live births.
Cultural hearth
A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread.
Transculturation
The blending of cultures.
Distance decay
The likelihood of a trait's diffusion decreases as the distance from its hearth increases.
Hinterland
The area surrounding a central urban area.
Urbanization
The increasing number of people that live in urban areas.
Demographic momentum
The phenomenon where a population continues to grow even after fertility rates decline.
Chain migration
Migration that is caused by the presence of family or friends in the destination area.
Cyclic movement
Regular movement involving shorter periods away from home.
