Chapter 3: Practice Test

The Columbian Exchange (the interaction between the Eastern and Western hemispheres / “old” and “new” worlds) after Columbus in 1492, resulted in the exchange of which of the following:

All of the above

In the century after the arrival of Europeans, which of the following changes occurred to the indigenous population of the Americas?

It decreased dramatically with the introduction of new diseases

The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of..

the Industrial Revolution which displaced rural workers and precipitated population growth.

The early United States population was predominantly Protestant. In the nineteenth century, urban populations became increasingly Roman Catholic, especially in the cities of the Northeastern United States. This shift in the pattern of religion was caused by..

transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, & Italy.

The Gravity Model attempts to describe or predict the level of interaction between two places based on what two factors?

population & distance.

Which of the following geographic models is used to quantify and predict the interaction (e.g. movement of migrants or flow of trade goods) between two locations based on their population sizes and the distance between them?

gravity model.

All of the following patterns were observed by Ravenstein in his study of migration in England in the 1880’s EXCEPT:

Large cities grow mostly by increases in birth rates rather than by in migration.

Which of Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration best reflects the Gravity Model?

Most long distance migrants move to big cities.

Which of Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration best reflects the principal of distance decay?

Most migrants migrate short distances within their own country.

Which of following statements accurately describes a significant change in migration patterns since E.G. Ravenstein published his “Laws of Migration” in 1885?

Because of changing roles of women, females now migrate at equal or even greater rates than men, even internationally.

The seasonal movement of farmers and their cattle up and down the mountain slopes of Switzerland is an example of which of the following?

transhumance

Which of the following is the best describes an example of transhumance?

Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer.

Transnational migrants often send money back to their home countries to support family members back home. What is the term used to describe their international financial transactions?

Remittance

When young women leave the Philippines to work on cruise ships and send much of their earnings home, those monies are referred to as..

remittances.

Obstacles faced by international migrants include..

all of the above.

Which of the following is an example of an intervening obstacle?

All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an intervening obstacle?

An airport

Environmental barriers such as oceans, mountains, and deserts were historically the most important type of intervening obstacle. What type of intervening obstacle is the most important barrier to migration today?

political (e.g. restrictive immigration laws, quotas, passport and visa requirements)

A family from the Philippines intending to migrate to California ends up settling in Hawaii because of its favorable climate and the presence of a large Filipino speaking population. This decision illustrates the concept of..

intervening opportunity

Which of the following is an example of an intervening opportunity?

Taking a high paying job while en route to your intended destination.

The process of migrants moving to a specific location because relatives or members of the same culture have already migrated and settled there is known as..

chain migration.

The nineteenth-century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, Minnesota, as a result of communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of..

chain migration.

A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union’s open border policies?

Step migration across member states to a final destination

Over a period of years, a person moves from his farm to a small town, from his small town to a small city, and finally from the small city to a large city. This is an example of

Step migration.

A doctor receives years of government financed training in India but then migrates to the United States in search of higher pay and better career opportunities. From the point of view of India, this is an example of..

brain drain.

Which of the following describes a forced migration?

British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.

Which of the following is an example of a pull factor?

The opening of a factory at the migrant's potential destination.

Which of the following characteristics of a migrant's potential destination would NOT be a pull factor in her decision to migrate?

Religious persecution

Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area are called..

push factors.

Which of the following environmental problems in the African Sahel region is a push factor causing a migration flow into regions and big cities south of the Sahel?

Desertification

The most common global environemental push factor is..

lack of clean water.

Which of the following is most likely NOT an example of an environmental push factor?

Desert environment of the American Southwest.

All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled (caused) by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT:

Mexicans leaving Mexico.

Which of the following scenarios explains a DEMOGRAPHIC push factor for less developed countries?

A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries.

A young, single Mexican farmer, living near Ixtapa in southern Mexico, loses his farm after a series of droughts and decides to move to the US to be with his family in Texas. Because of the distance and expense of the trip, he hitchhikes first to Mexico City where he works for a month before moving on to the U.S. border, where he finds a job in a maquiladora and settles. All of the following concepts are illustrated in this example EXCEPT:

Countermigration.

Which of the following migration scenarios are correctly matched with its description?

International / voluntary migration: Family from Mumbai, India has convinced their close friends to emigrate to London as they did in order help start up their business.

On the map above of global net voluntary migration, the darker colors represent regions of positive net migration (more immigrants than emigrants) while the lighter colors represent areas of negative net migration (more emigrants than immigrants). All of the following are true based on the map EXCEPT:

Africa has the world's highest out migration.

Based on the graphic above, which of the following is NOT presently (2017) one of the four largest migration flows in the world?

From Africa to Europe.

Based on the graphic above, which three world regions had the largest negative net migration (most people leaving) as of 2017?

Asia, Latin America, Africa.

By far the greatest total number of foreign-born residents (migrants) can be found in..

The United States.

The arrows on the map above most likely represent the movement of..

Guest workers.

Which of the following countries is the primary destination for guest workers from the Maghreb region of northern Africa, pictured in the map above?

France.

A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany’s manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey’s economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany?

Voluntary guest workers.

What was the primary factor that attracted large numbers of migrants from North Africa and the Middle East to Europe after WWII?

These migrants came to Europe as guest workers to take low-paying jobs that Europeans didn’t want.

Which of the following explains the major effect of migration flow to Southwest Asia from other regions in Asia (especially India, Nepal, and the Philippines)?

Guest workers migrate to the region for jobs in construction and the oil fields, increasing the volume of exports from the region.

Which term best describes the majority of voluntary migrants from South Asia to the Persian Gulf countries of Bahrain, Qatar, and Kuwait during the 1990s and 2000s?

Guest workers.

People who quickly flee their country because of violence or a well-founded fear of racial, political, or religious persecution are considered..

refugees.

Which of the following describes a difference between a migrant and a refugee?

Migrants carefully plan their move; refugees have to move on a moment’s notice.

As of 2018, over two thirds of the world's refugees came from just five countries. Which of the following was NOT one of these top five SOURCE countries (countries of origin) for the world’s 26 million refugees?

Pakistan.

As of 2018, which of the following was NOT one of the top five DESTINATION countries for the world’s 26 million refugees?

United States.

Which two world regions are both the top two sources as well as the top two destinations for refugees?

Sub-Saharan Africa and SW Asia.

The legal protection and right to refugee (you can stay!) granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee is called..

asylum.

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for the forced migration of refugees?

Lack of economic opportunity.

The difference between an internally displaced person (IDP) and a refugee is..

an internally displaced person, unlike a refugee, does not cross an international border.

Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010?

 Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers.

From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries (countries of origin) during and after that time period?

As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boost in the countries of origin.

There has been an increase in asylum seekers from Syria to the European Union in recent years. Which of the following best describes the reason for this migration?

A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria.

The international Syrian refugee crisis that started in 2011 is best explained by which of the following migration factors?

A political push factor from Syria, where armed conflict imperils personal safety.

In 2018, a large number of migrants from Afghanistan and Iraq applied for asylum in the European Union. Which of the following is a PULL factor that explains this migration?

Economic growth and employment opportunities in Europe, attracting immigrant workers.

Which is NOT likely true about the large number of Syrian migrants arriving in Europe?

This movement is evidence of counter-urbanization.

Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union?

Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs.

Which of the following is NOT one of the impacts of immigration from developing to developed countries?

It benefits developing countries because only unskilled workers emigrate while highly skilled professionals remain to boost development.

Which of the following is an example of interregional migration?

A Brazilian moving from Rio De Janeiro on the coast to the inland capital Brasilia.

The largest internal (interregional) migration in history was/is..

the migration of rural areas in western China to big cities along the east coast of China from 1970 to present.

The increasing percentage of urban dwellers (more people living in cities) in more-developed countries is best explained by..

greater access to job opportunities, resources, and facilities.

Which of the following explains the pattern of growth in City B relative to City A?

City B is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City A is located in a more developed country and has lower rates of rural-to-urban migration.

If rural-to-urban migration continues in China, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.

Which of the following is an example of intraregional migration?

A family moving from downtown Washington D.C. to the suburbs outside the city.

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1800s and 1900s), which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent (common) worldwide?

Rural to urban.

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in LDCs (developing countries) today is rural to urban migration. What factors are driving this migration?

All of the above.

Which of the following is the primary reason for the rapid population growth in megacities throughout the developing world?

Interregional and intraregional migration.

In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades?

Net-in migration.

Suburbanization of more developed countries is usually due to..

a desire to change lifestyle.

What factor or factors are driving the early 21st trend of counterurbanization?

All of the above.

An increase in the demand for a city’s goods and services produces rapid in-migration. Which of the following explains why a city often does not experience a corresponding out-migration when the demand for its goods and services declines?

Family and emotional bonds to the city may limit workers’ mobility.

In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States (i.e. cities in the southern U.S.) EXCEPT:

Climatic changes leading to colder Northern winters.

Which of the following best explains an effect of migration within the United States between 1950 and 2010?

The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate.

Since the late 20th century, which of the following is the most prominent (common) intraregional migration trend in the U.S.?

From urban areas to suburban areas.

Which of the following demographic groups would be most likely to undertake an international migration?

Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education.

Which of the following explains a significant positive impact that the immigration of large populations of Chinese people had on places like Vancouver and Los Angeles?

Chinese immigrants established businesses and religious centers that provided their new cities with greater access to elements of Chinese culture such as arts, cuisine, and religion.

Which of the following profiles characterizes the population group that is the most likely to migrate?

Single, educated, twenty-five years old.