The Post-War Era and the Rise of Nationalism

Armistice

Agreement to stop fighting to end WWI, signed November 11, 1918.

Paris Peace Treaties/Conference

Agreements/Meeting aimed at establishing post-WWI peace.

League of Nations

International organization for maintaining world peace.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty specifically with Germany post-WWI. Created political instability in Germany and Italy.

War Guilt Clause

Germany accepted responsibility for causing WWI.

Mandate System

Territories administered by Allied powers post-war.

Spanish Influenza

Deadly epidemic causing 40 million deaths globally.

Comintern

International Communist organization promoting revolution worldwide.

Red Scare

Fear of communism and radicalism in America.

Lloyd George

British Prime Minister who advocated moderate peace terms.

Clemenceau

French PM desiring revenge and security for France.

German Army Limitations

Restricted to 100,000 men by the treaty.

Colonial Mandates

Former colonies administered under League's oversight.

Eastern European Independence

Poland and new states emerged from Austro-Hungary.

Wall Street Bombing

1920 attack reflecting fears of subversion.

Hyper-nationalism

Intense national pride following the Great War.

Bolshevism

Radical socialist movement threatening capitalist nations.

Shandong Peninsula Transfer

Control passed from Germany to Japan.

Colonial Disappointment

Colonized populations felt betrayed by new mandates.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Dissolved, creating several independent states.

Bolshevik Revolution

1917 revolution leading to communist rule in Russia.

American Civil Liberties Union

Founded in 1920

Red Summer of 1919

Period marked by racial violence and riots.

James Weldon Johnson

Coined the term 'Red Summer'.

Elaine Massacre

1919 event with 100-230 Black deaths.

Federal Troops

Deployed against Black residents in Elaine.

Mass Production

Increased output, especially in automobile manufacturing.

Henry Ford

Innovator of the assembly line for Model T.

Model T

Revolutionary affordable automobile by Ford.

Roaring Twenties

Nickname for the prosperous 1920s era.

Jazz Age

Cultural period characterized by jazz music.

Urban Population Growth

Majority lived in cities by 1920.

Disposable Income

Increased wealth for entertainment in the 1920s.

Talkies

Movies with sound, first being The Jazz Singer.

Infrastructure Expansion

Roads and services developed for automobile users.

Jim Crow Era

Period of racial segregation and discrimination.

World War I Impact

Created labor demand, prompting Black migration. Economic and social turmoil following WWI. Discontent and uncertainty felt by Americans after WWI.

Northern Industrialists

Sought Black labor during labor shortages.

Great Migration Statistics

500,000 African Americans migrated North, fleeing Jim Crow laws in the South (1915-1920).

Urban Nightlife

Jazz, movies, and speakeasies defined entertainment.

Civil Rights Erosion

Post-Reconstruction decline in African American rights.

Disillusionment

Post-WWI feelings of disappointment among Americans.

Flapper

A Jazz Age stereotype of independent young women.

Jazz Music

A genre defining the era, originating in African American communities.

Existentialism

Philosophy asserting no supreme being defines human nature.

Jean-Paul Sartre

Philosopher known for existentialist ideas on existence.

Stream-of-Consciousness

Literary technique reflecting modern life's complexity.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural revolution of African American arts and expression.

Alain Locke

Author promoting Black cultural pride in The New Negro.

De Facto Segregation

Social segregation without legal enforcement, prevalent in the North.

Friedrich Nietzsche

Philosopher questioning Enlightenment's reliance on reason.

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Philosopher advocating life based on facts and observation.

James Joyce

Author known for Ulysses and stream-of-consciousness style.

Franz Kafka

Writer depicting individuals overwhelmed by hostile forces.

Ernest Hemingway

Author addressing post-war restlessness in his works.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Writer of The Great Gatsby, exploring 1920s themes.

Afro-Centric Art

Art reflecting African American culture and identity.

Political Diversity in Harlem

Varied political thought among African Americans in the 1920s.

Nightclubs and Bars

Social venues reflecting the celebratory spirit of the era.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants executed despite lack of evidence.

Nativism

Cultural animosity towards immigrants and minorities.

Ku Klux Klan

Racist organization revived in early 20th century.

Birth of a Nation

Film that spurred Klan's resurgence in popularity.

Stone Mountain

Location of second Klan's establishment in 1915.

Klan Membership 1924

Second Klan had 6 million members nationwide.

Black Wall Street

Tulsa's Greenwood District, a center of Black wealth.

Jim Crow Laws

Prohibited Black spending in white businesses.

Tulsa Massacre

Violence against Black residents in 1921; many deaths.

Dick Rowland

Accusation led to the Tulsa Massacre.

National Guard

Their intervention quelled violence during the Tulsa Massacre.

Internment Camps

6,000 Black citizens held by National Guard.

Property Damage Estimates

$1.5 million in real estate losses.

Japan's Victory

Demonstrated Asian strength before World War I.

Colonial Promises

Post-war claims by colonies for support.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

Advocated national self-determination post-World War I.

Asian Nationalism

Adaptation of European nationalism by Asian countries.

Ottoman Empire

Participated in World War I alongside Japan. Dissolution led to increased Western control in the Middle East.

League of Nations

International organization aimed at maintaining peace.

Article 22

Mandate system for territories unable to self-govern.

Mandate System

Colonial territories assigned to developed nations.

Self-Determination

Right of peoples to govern themselves.

Imperial Power

Europe's effort to maintain colonial dominance.

Nationalism

Advocacy for national independence and self-governance.

Anti-Imperialist Resistance

Opposition to colonial rule and imperialism.

Soviet Communism

Political ideology promoting equality and anti-imperialism. Confiscated property to create a classless society.

Mass Movements

Large-scale efforts for political change and independence.

Ethnic Tensions

Conflicts arising from diverse ethnic groups.

Young Turks

Reformist group seeking modernization of the Ottoman Empire.

Arab Revolt

1916 uprising against Ottoman rule supported by Britain.

Turkish Nationalism

Movement promoting Turkish identity and interests.

Colonial Powers

Nations that control and exploit colonies.

Political Practices

Established methods of governance and authority.

Religious Conflicts

Tensions arising from differing religious beliefs.

Bitter Conflicts

Intense disputes often resulting from nationalism.

Vision of Prosperity

Nationalism's promise of a better future.

Development Goals

Aims for eventual self-governance of mandates.

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Secret 1916 treaty dividing Ottoman Empire territories.