Transcriptomics 1 & 2

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to transcriptomics, useful for understanding gene expression analysis techniques.

Transcriptomics

The collection, interpretation, and storage of information about genome-wide gene expression activity (mRNA profiles).

Genome

The haploid chromosome set that specifies the species, a term coined in 1916 by German botanist Hans Winkler.

Genomics

The comprehensive study of the interactions and functional dynamics of whole sets of genes and their products.

Single cell transcriptomics

A method to analyze the gene expression of individual cells, allowing the study of cellular heterogeneity.

Bulk transcriptomics

Analysis of gene expression across a population of cells, providing an averaged profile.

Bioinformatics

The application of computer technology and statistical methods to manage and analyze biological data.

RNAseq

A technique used to determine the quantity of RNA in a sample and provide insights into the transcriptome.

Normalization

A process used in data processing to adjust for differences in library size and sequencing depth across samples.

Gene expression

The process through which a gene's DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA and translated into protein.

Functional Interpretation

Analyzing data to identify biological significance and relationships among genes or gene products.

Dendrograms

A diagram that shows the arrangement of the clusters produced by hierarchical clustering analysis.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

A statistical technique used to reduce data dimensionality while preserving variance, useful in visualizing data patterns.

Enrichment Analysis

The statistical evaluation of gene annotations to determine if a specific annotation occurs more frequently in a gene set than expected by chance.

False discovery rate

The expected proportion of false positives among the declared significant results in multiple testing.

Hierarchical Clustering

An analysis method used to group samples based on their similarity, often visualized with dendrograms.

Transcription factors

Proteins that help regulate the expression of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Chimeric RNAs

RNA molecules that are formed from the fusion of sequences from different genes, commonly observed in cancer.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)

A class of RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins but play a role in regulating gene expression.

Micro RNA (miRNA)

A type of small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression by interacting with messenger RNA.

Statistical significance

A measure of whether the results observed in data are likely due to chance or represent a true effect.

Differential gene expression

The difference in gene expression levels between different conditions or treatments.

Cytoscape

An open-source software platform used for visualizing complex networks and integrating these with any type of attribute data.