nigeria case study

Describe Nigeria’s location

Nigeria is located in West Africa with a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea. Its capital is Abuja and Lagos is its largest city.

Regional importance of Nigeria

Nigeria has Africa’s largest population and became Africa’s largest economy in 2014

Lagos is Africa’s largest city and busiest port.

Global importance of Nigeria

Nigeria supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil and could have the world’s fourth largest population by 2050.

Wider political context of Nigeria

Nigeria’s borders were drawn by Europeans

after independence in 1960 it had instability and corruption until stable democracy from 1999 attracting investment.

Wider social context of Nigeria

Nigeria is ethnically diverse (Yoruba

north is poorer and Muslim

south is richer and Christian

Boko Haram causes instability.

Wider cultural context of Nigeria

Nigeria has Nollywood

Wider environmental context of Nigeria

southern rainforests and mangroves to central savannas and northern Sahel

central savanna

southern rainforest

tsetse fly spreads disease

oil in Niger Delta.

Changing industrial structure of Nigeria

In 1999 most people worked in agriculture

by 2012 employment became balanced between agriculture industry and services.

How manufacturing stimulates development

Manufacturing increases jobs exports and foreign investment stimulating economic growth.

Nigeria’s political relationships

Member of AU ECOWAS UN OPEC and Commonwealth increasing global influence.

Nigeria’s trading relationships

Exports crude oil globally and imports manufactured goods

strong links with China USA and India.

Role of TNCs in Nigeria

TNCs invest for cheap labour low taxes and large markets

they create jobs and infrastructure but profits often leave Nigeria.

Advantages of TNCs

TNCs create jobs train workers pay taxes and invest in infrastructure like roads and ports.

Disadvantages of TNCs

TNCs may pay low wages give poor conditions send profits abroad and use subsidies that could support development.

Shell in Nigeria advantages

Shell pays taxes increases GNI employs thousands and gives 91% of contracts to Nigerians.

Shell in Nigeria disadvantages

Oil spills gas flaring soil and water pollution damage farming fishing and health.

Impact of aid on Nigeria

Aid improves health education and quality of life.

NetsforLife impact

Provides malaria education and mosquito nets reducing illness and improving work and school attendance.

Aduwan Health Centre impact

World Bank–funded centre offering HIV tests vaccinations and immunisation education increasing life expectancy and reducing infant mortality.

Environmental impacts of industrial growth

Unchecked industrial growth creates toxic gas emissions and chemical dumping in rivers and land.

Environmental impacts of urban growth

Slums lack services waste builds up and traffic congestion creates high air pollution.

Nigeria’s HDI trends

HDI has risen steadily since 2005 due to better income health and education.

Effects of development on quality of life

Better jobs higher income improved healthcare electricity clean water and schooling.

Unilever in Nigeria

Employs 1500 people develops local products uses sustainable palm oil and is highly ranked as a workplace.

Nigeria’s economy oil importance

Oil is 14% of GDP and 98% of export earnings.

Reasons TNCs invest in Nigeria

Cheap labour lax environmental laws low taxes and access to a large market.

North vs South differences

North is poorer and mainly Muslim

south is richer and mainly Christian with better services.

Boko Haram impact

Causes insecurity reducing investment and economic growth especially in the north-east.

Sahel environmental feature

Northern Nigeria borders the semi-desert Sahel region.

Tsetse fly significance

Found in southern Nigeria spreading sleeping sickness and preventing cattle farming.

Niger Delta environmental issues

Oil spills gas flaring and pollution damage farming fishing and health.

Service sector growth in Nigeria

Service jobs like retail teaching healthcare taxis and Nollywood employ one third of Nigerians.

Indicators of development improvements

More literacy sanitation access mobile phones and higher life expectancy.

Life expectancy 2025

54 years.

Access to basic sanitation 2025

46% of the population.

Safe water access 2025

57% of the population.

Secondary school enrolment 2025

47%.

Births with doctor or midwife 2025

51%.

HDI meaning

Human Development Index measures life expectancy education and income.

Oil discovery year

Niger Delta oil discovered in 1958.

ECOWAS role

West African trading bloc removing tariffs and improving security with HQ in Abuja.

African Union role

Promotes unity and development across Africa.

OPEC role

Cartel managing global oil prices and supply to increase profits.

Commonwealth role

Promotes democracy and development among 56 nations linked to the UK.

UN membership benefit

Supports peace security human rights and cooperation.

Why Nigeria’s economy changed

Greater stability after 1999 increased investment and reduced corruption boosting industry and services.

Agriculture decline reason

More Nigerians moved into better-paid manufacturing and service jobs.